电离辐射致生殖细胞染色体畸变与显性致死及其生物学意义  

Radiation-induced chromosome aberrations and dominant lethality of germ cells and their biological significance.

作　　者：金玉珂[1] 王献理[1] 王明东[1] 孙淑清[1] 王彬[1] 薛蕙 

机构地区：[1]长春白求恩医科大学放射医学研究所

出　　处：《中华放射医学与防护杂志》1995年第6期400-403,共4页Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection

摘　　要：在不同照射条件下观察雄性小鼠生殖细胞染色体畸变率及显性致死突变率。证明染色体畸变是诱发显性致死的重要原因，照后不同时期受精对染色体畸变和显性致死有很显著影响，从而提示不同照射人群遗传危害差异的原因。Ｐ＜０．０１（下表同）括号内数字为精子染色体畸变数２．２．１急性照射：低剂量率组着床前死亡率和剂量间相关性不明显。死胎率与剂量呈正相关，Ｙ３＝６．１９＋１０．４２Ｄ（ｒ＝０．８２６３，Ｐ＜０．０５）。单位剂量死胎率为５．２４４×１０－３／合子·ｃＧｙ。高剂量率组死胎率高于对照组，但Ｐ＞０．０５。２．２．２慢性照射：着床前死亡率与照射剂量呈正相关。Ｙ４＝１．３１＋７．７５Ｄ（ｒ＝０．９１７４，Ｐ＜０．０１）．死胎率与照射剂量亦呈正相关，Ｙ５＝９．１８＋５．６７Ｄ（ｒ＝０．６３０３，Ｐ＜０．０５）但显性致死突变率和照射剂量间并无相关。单位剂量死胎率为１．８３１×１０－３／合子·ｃＧｙ，参见表２。表２　不同照射方式与显性致死突变注：表中低：表示低剂量率照射；高：表示高剂量率照射３讨论３．１电离辐射诱发生殖细胞结构异常与显性致死以急性照射诱发生殖细胞染色体畸变细胞率作为自变量（Ｘ）、死胎率作为他变量（Ｙ），二者呈直线相关?The chromosome aberration rates and dominant lethality of germ cells in male mice at different interval times after acute and chronic radiations were investigated.The acute irradiation was carried out with X-rays at dose rates and doses of 0.05Gy/min, 0-1.OGy and 0.44Gy/min 2.OGy,respectively.The chronic irradiation was performed with 60Coγ-rays at dose rate and cummulated dose of 4.17 × 10-5Gy/min and 0-2.1Gy, respectively.The results indicated that the dominant lethality was induced through chromosome aberrations of germ cells.The time of fertilization after irradiation influenced prominently on the chromosome aberration rates and dominant lethality.In the acute exposure group,fertilization time was 140 days after irradiation with 2.OGy,and the spermatogonia were mainly injured.The dominant lethality was 9.23% for the irradiated and 5.73% for the blank controls (P>0.05).In the chronic exposure group,the fertilization time was 24 days after irradiation with 2.1Gy.and the primary spermatocytes were mainly injured;the dominant lethality was 16.3% for the irradiated and 5.83% for the blank controls (P<0.05).These findings suggest that persons receiving acute radiation exposure from nuclear explosion or radiation accident may develop genetic harm while those subjected to occupational chronic radiation exposure may not.

关 键 词：生殖细胞 染色体畸变 显性致死突变 电离辐射 

分 类 号：R818.023[医药卫生—放射医学]