西方伦理学概念溯源——亚里士多德伦理学概念的实存论阐释  

Tracing the Origin of Concepts in Western Ethics: An Existentialist Interpretation of Aristotle's Ethical Concepts

作　　者：邓安庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学系,上海200433

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2005年第4期73-82,共10页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目<道德理性与现代社会的合理化--德国古典理性主义伦理学研究>(批准号为04BZX052)的系列成果之一。

摘　　要：在亚里士多德的学科体系中,伦理学首先从实践哲学得到规定,而他的“实践”作为个体内在合目的性的自我完善和自我实现的“行为”,是Dasein意义上的超越性本真实存活动,不同于现代意义上的与“理论”对立的“实践”。当亚里士多德把他的作为实践哲学的伦理学从属于“政治学”时,他揭示出我们“常人”实存的本性就是城邦中的共存。但伦理的共存先于个体的实存,共存的伦理———公正———不是“德性”的一种,而是德性的整体,个体的德性只是附在这一“整体”上的“皮毛”。无论是个体的本真实存还是城邦的伦理共存,最终都是为了人之为人的卓越性(德性)的实现,伦理学本质上成为“人学”,其核心的问题结构是个体的本真实存和城邦的伦理共存的关系。In Aristotle's disciplinary system, ethics is, in the first place, defined by practical philosophy. And his“practice,”as an“action”that is inherent with Zweckmaessigkeit in individuals for self-perfection and self-fulfillment, is a transcendental, true existential activity in the sense of“Dasein,” rather than“practice”as opposite to“theory”in modern sense. When Aristotle classified his ethics as a practical philosophy belonging to“political science,”he was arguing that the nature of the existence of us“das Mas”is our co-existence in the Polis. Co-existence in the Polis is prior to the existence of individuals; and the ethics of co-existence——justice——is the whole of virtue rather than one kind of virtuei. The virtue of individuals is only a part of and depends on the whole. In the final analysis, both the true existence of individuals and the ethical co-existence of the Polis are realization of outstandingness(virtue) that defines man as man. And ethics is a science of human beings in nature. The structure of the problem at its core is the relationship between the true existence of individuals and the ethical co-existence of the Polis.

关 键 词：西方伦理学 概念 亚里士多德 实存论 实践哲学 

分 类 号：B82-091[哲学宗教—伦理学]