父母教养方式与高中生抑郁情绪的相关性  

Parental rearing styles and depressive emotion of senior high school students

作　　者：王春莉[1] 廖凤林[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学心理系,北京市100089

出　　处：《中国临床康复》2005年第20期35-37,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation

基　　金：北京市委组织部项目"中学生自我概念与心理健康"资助(018134)~~

摘　　要：目的:探讨父母教养方式对高中生抑郁情绪的影响。方法:采用父母教养方式问卷、抑郁自评量表和焦虑自评量表于2004-03/06对北京市一所普通中学的174名学生进行调查分析。①父母教育方式问卷分为母亲教养方式56个项目,父亲教养方式58个项目,内容包括:情感温暖理解、拒绝否认、严厉惩罚、过分干涉与过分保护、偏爱被试5个保留维度。量表的同质性系数分别为0.81和0.72。实验假设父母教养方式一致,所以在计分时把每个维度中父亲与母亲的分数合并。②焦虑自评量表由20个项目组成,采用4级评分,主要评定项目为所定义症状出现的频率。③自评抑郁量表由20个陈述句组成,每条为一个相关症状,按1-4级评分,奇偶数条目分半相关性为0.73和0.92。评分在40分以下者为无抑郁;40-48分为轻度抑郁;49～56分为中度抑郁;57分以上为重度抑郁。④以班为单位施测。施测前取得该校领导、老师和同学的同意。在非考试状态下,按班级对学生进行3个问卷的团体测试。并在被试确信答案得到保密的情况下进行。⑤主要观察高中生的父母教养方式以及其焦虑抑郁情绪的特点。父母教养方式与学生的焦虑抑郁情绪之间的关系。⑥数据处理采用t检验,相关分析和单因素独立样本方差分析。结果:共发放问卷200份,回收问卷189份,回收率为94.5%。剔除不完整答卷得到合格问卷174份,有效率为92.1%。①高中生的父母教养方式:4个维度中情感温暖理解的得分最高,其次是严厉惩罚和过分干涉保护,拒绝否认维度上的得分最低。在性别差异上,父母教养方式中温暖理解在女生得分显著高于男生,而其他3个维度则是男生的得分显著高于女生。②高中生的焦虑得分:从总体上和不同性别上均高于抑郁得分。但就焦虑、抑郁本身得分来看不存在性别差异。相关分析表明高中生的焦虑、抑郁之间存AIM： To explore the effect of parental rearing styles on depressive emotion of senior high school students.METHODS： From March to June 2004,174 senior high school students in Beijing were tested by EMBU and self-rating depression scale （SDS） and self-rating anxiety scale （SAS） successively. ①EMBU consisted of 56 mother＇s factors and 58 father＇s factors, including emotional support and understanding, rejection and denial, severe punishment, excessive intervention and protection,and partialism （dimension）.Cronbach＇sαwas 0.81 and 0.72, respectively. It was supposed that mother＇s and father＇s rearing styles were same,so the scores of mother and father were united in each dimension. ②SAS consisted of 20 items with the scoring of grades 4. The main item is the frequency of special symptoms.③SDS consisted of 20 declarative sentences related to 20 symptoms with the scores of 1-4 grades.Correlation coefficient of odd and even was 0.73 and 0.92. 〈 40 scores was considered as without depression, 40-18 as mild depression,49-56 as moderate depression, and 〉 57 as severe depression. Informed consent was obtained from managers, teachers, and students. Three questionnaires were performed in students in a non-examination manner with a class as a unit, and it was sure that answers could be, obtained. ⑤The main measures were parental rearing style and depressive and anxious characteristics of students. ⑥ Data were analyzed with student＇s t test,correlation analysis and univariate dependent sampling analysis of variance. RESULTS： There were totally 200 questionnaires, and 189 ones were reclaimed with the callback rate of 94.5%. Only 174 questionnaires were eligible, and the valid rate was 92.1%.①Parental rearing styles： Emotional support and understanding was scored highest in the four dimensions, the second was severe punishment and excessive protection, and the lowest score was on rejection and denial. Boys had higher scores than girls on severe punishment, excessive protection and

关 键 词：高中生 父母教养方式 焦虑 抑郁 父母教养方式问卷 焦虑抑郁情绪 相关性 焦虑自评量表 父亲教养方式 轻度抑郁 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学] R749.72[医药卫生—医学心理学]