白莲腐败病发生规律的研究  

STUDIES ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE RHIZOME ROT IN WHITE LOTUS

作　　者：刘安国[1] 汪金莲[1] 刘光亮 李本信 杨民和[1] 谢克强 罗友强[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学,江西省广昌县白莲研究所

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》1995年第1期5-12,共8页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

摘　　要：经过几年的研究，基本摸清了白莲腐败病的发生规律：１．病菌随病株残体在莲田土壤中越冬，是主要的菌源。病菌在冬季浸水的莲田里分生孢子很难越冬，也很难形成厚垣孢子，这对病菌的控制是十分重要的。病菌在土壤中，一般土表层比土深层存活率高，砂质壤土比砂质粘土存活率高。２．种藕带菌是重要的菌源，在高湿下易产生大量的分生孢子，栽前可以通过相互接触和气流把病菌传播到无病种藕上。３．病菌的生长适温（２５～３０℃）和莲的生长适温（２０～３０℃）是基本一致的。病菌可以直接侵入幼嫩的莲根和莲鞭，但更易从伤口侵入（如潜根线虫的危害）。４．白莲与泽泻轮作发病很轻，与水稻轮作发病较轻，与烟草、油菜、西瓜和蔬菜轮作发病较重。白莲连作发病重，一般以３年为宜。５．砂质壤土、肥田发病重，砂质粘土、瘦田发病轻；平地发病重，山垅脚田发病轻，山沟田不发病；过量施用含氮化肥和过磷酸钙发病重，施用农家有机肥和白莲专用肥发病轻；新栽白莲发病重，宿莲发病轻；品种的抗病性无高抗品种，但品种间的抗病能力有一定的差异。Through a few years’studies on the rhizome rot in white lotus,its occurrence pattern hasbeen basically found out.1.The pathogenic fungus overwinters with the remnants of the infective plants in the soilof lotus fields,this is the major source of pathogenic fungus.It is hard for the pathogenic fun-gus to overwinter and to form chlamy do spores in the winter-irrigated lotus fields.This isvery important for the control of the pathogenic fungus. Usually the overwinter survival rate ofthe pathogenic fungus in sandy loam is higher than that in sandy clay,and higher in the toplayer soil than that in the deep layer soil.2.The seed lotus rhizome carrying pathogenic fungus is the important source of pathogenicfungus.Under high humidity condition it is likely to produce numemus conidia which willspread to the noninfected seed lotus rhizome through contagion before planting. 3.The suitable temperature for the development of the pathogenic fungus 25～30℃ issimilar to that for the development of lotus 20～30℃.The pathogenic fungus may invade theyoung underground stems and roots of white lotus directly, but it is apt to invade them throughtheir wounds(e.g.the damage of Hirshmaniella sp.).4.The rotation of white lotus with Alisma orientale Juzep shows very light occurrence ofthe disease,and the rotation with rice shows lighter occurrence of the disease,but the rotationswith tobacco,rape,water melon and vegetable show serious occurrence of the disease.Thecontinuous cropping of white lotus also causes serious occurrence of the disease.Generallyspeaking,the suitable continuous planting poviod is three years.5.The occurrence of the disease is more serious in sandy loam and fertile fields than in sandy clay and poor fields. Overapplication of nitrogenous fertilizer and calcium superphosphatecauses serious occurrence of the disease, but the application of farm organic manure and com-pound fertilizer shows lighter occurrence.The occurrence of the disease is more serious in thenewly planting lotus than in the perennial plant.The

关 键 词：白莲 腐败病 发生规律 病菌 越冬 

分 类 号：S436.45[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]