条背萤幼虫水生适应性形态与游泳行为研究  

Adaptive external morphology and swimming behavior in the aquatic firefly. Luciola substriata

作　　者：付新华[1] 王余勇[1] 雷朝亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科技学院昆虫资源研究所,武汉430070

出　　处：《昆虫知识》2005年第4期419-423,479,共5页Entomological Knowledge

摘　　要：研究了条背萤Luciolasubstriata幼虫的形态特征及其对游泳行为的适应。形态及扫描电镜观察发现,条背萤幼虫存在二态现象。1～2龄幼虫虫体扁平,多毛。有7对呼吸鳃,分别位于腹部第1～7节。3～6龄幼虫虫体扁平呈船形,无呼吸鳃,靠气管呼吸。二者均具有扁平桨状的足、燕尾状尾节及位于尾节末端的圆柱形粘附器官。条背萤幼虫游动时身体腹面朝上,呈仰泳姿态,足向后划水。3～6龄幼虫仰泳时足共有8种摆动姿势。幼虫仰泳时足摆动1个周期所需时间为(0.611±0.16)s。腹部末端可上下左右摆动,当幼虫向前游动时,尾部上下摆动1个周期所需时间为(1.795±0.44)s。幼虫的游泳速度为(0.85±0.16)mh。仰泳中的幼虫改变方向时,头部和尾部同时向身体的一侧弯曲,当头部与尾部呈近90°时,幼虫用力将尾部伸直,此时水产生一个反作用力继续推动幼虫转向,幼虫转向的范围为0～90°。条背萤2种类型幼虫呼吸系统的不同决定着幼虫外部形态的差异及游泳行为的不同,而导致这种呼吸系统、形态及运动行为不同的原因很可能是条背萤对环境的适应性进化。We report the adaptive external morphology and swimming behavior in aquatic firefly, Luciola substriata. External morphology observation and scanning microscope revealed the aquatic firefly L. substriata had two froms in the larval stage. The 1st - 2 nd instar larva was characterized by 7 pairs of branched tracheal gills located on the 1st - 7th abdominal segments. The 3 rd - 6 th instar larva was smooth all over the body and no tracheal gills compared with 1 st- 2 nd instar larva. However, the two forms of larvae had some same characteristics, such as smotth, long, and oar-shaped thoracic legs;and the swallowtail last abdominal segment with the caudal graping organ. Both two forms of larvae were good at backstroke. Thoracic legs served as oars and the abdomen served as thrusters and helms. There are 8 positions of legs when larva is in backstroking. When larva is backstroling, it takes （0.611 ± 0.16 ）s and （1. 795 ± 0.44） s for the tail to finish one cycle. The speed of larval in backstroke is （0.85 - 0.16 ）m/h. When the larva change direction in backstroke, its head and tail curved to the same direction simultaneously. The range of turning direction is less than 90°. The different external morphology and swimming behavior between two forms of larvae determined by different respiration systems, are evolved to adapt to the environment.

关 键 词：条背萤 幼虫 适应性形态 游泳行为 水生萤火虫 进化 适应性进化 形态特征 行为研究 水生 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]