应用镰形扇头蜱及巴贝斯虫病水牛的染虫血感染黄牛试验  

THE TEST OF INFECIED CATTLE BY BITE WITH TICK RHIPICEPHALUS HAEMAPHYSALOIDES HAEMAPHYSALOIDES AND INJECTION WITH PARASITIZED BLOOD OF BUFFALO WITH BABESIOSIS

作　　者：刘钟灵[1] 马丽华[1] 姚宝安 赵俊龙 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学畜牧兽医系

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》1995年第5期468-472,共5页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

摘　　要：从非流行区购进无蜱寄生的健康黄牛５头与水牛犊１头，其中３头成年黄牛（２～８岁）在畜舍内用从流行区水牛身上采得的镰形扇头蜱Ｒｈｉｐｉｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｈａｅｍａｐｈｙｓａｌｏｉｄｅｓｈａｅｍａｐｈｙｓａｌｏｉｄｅｓ成虫，置于牛耳壳内叮咬；１头运至流行区放牧，让蜱上身叮咬；１头黄牛犊（１０年龄）去蜱后２周，用液氮保存的患病水牛染虫血４ｍｌ（４×１０ ８个虫体）皮下注射；另一头去蜱水牛犊亦同时注射相同剂量的染虫血，作为对照。５头黄牛在试验期间其体温、精神、食欲正常，未出现任何临床症状，感染后１０～１２ｄ外周血液中出现少量不典型的牛巴贝斯虫，红细胞染虫率在０．１％以下，持续３～５６消失；对照牛则体温升高（３９．８～４１．１℃），出现贫血、黄疸等症状，红细胞压积（ＰＣＶ）降至２６％，外周血液中出现典型的牛巴贝斯虫，红细胞染虫率（ＰＰＥ）高达１２％。对采用蜱叮咬及注射来自病水牛的染虫血为何不能使黄牛感染发病，文中进行了讨论。Five cattle and one buffalo calf were purchased from babesiosis-free area. Threecattle(2-8years of age)of them were bited with adult ticks R. haemaphysaloideshaemaphysaloides which collected from babesiosis area.One cattle was brought to pasturein endemic area and to be naturally infected with babesiosis by ticks. Another onesplenectomized calf of cattle was injected subcutanuously with 4 ml blood(4×10￣8 parasites) of buffalo with babesiosis. One splenectomized calf of buffalo as control wasinjected as same as above. All the parasitized blood was kept in liqued N_2. In thisexperiment five cattle didn't show any clinical signs,the body temperature,vitalityand appetite were normal. A few non-typical parasites were found in the blood 10-12days after inoculation, The percent of parasitized of erythrocytes was below 0.1%, thenthe parasites were disappearence after 3-5 days. Whereas the typical clinical signsoccured in the control buffalo calf: higher body temperature (39.8-41.1C),anaemiaand icterus etc.,the packed cell volume(PCV) was 26%. The typical parasites Babesiabovis were found in the blood and the percent of parasitized erythrocytes was 12%. Thereason why bahesiosis did not occur in these cattle when they were bited by the tick orinjected with parasitized blood of infested huffalo was discussed.

关 键 词：巴贝斯虫 镰形扇头蜱 黄牛 牛病 感染 

分 类 号：S858.235.9[农业科学—临床兽医学]