山葡萄氮代谢及尿素和生长调节剂对叶氮回流的调控效应  

NITROGEN METABOLISM AND REGULATING EFFECT OF LEAF APPLIED UREA CEPA AND NAA ON THE WITHDR AWAL OF LEAF NITROGEN IN YOUNG VITIS AMURENSIS RUPR

作　　者：管长志[1] 曾骧[1] 孟昭清[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京农业大学,天津市园艺工程研究所

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1995年第4期54-59,共6页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：以盆栽１～２年生山葡萄（ＶｉｔｉｓａｍｕｒｅｎｓｉｓＲｕｐｒ．）为试材，于１９８９年晚秋引入^（１５）Ｎ－尿素。探讨了山葡萄体内总Ｎ、蛋白态Ｎ和肥料Ｎ（ＮＤＦＦ）的季节变化规律。并研究了叶施普通尿素和生长调节剂对山葡萄叶片氮的回流、总Ｎ的贮藏和翌年生长发育的影响。结果表明，生长期叶片是最大的Ｎ库，休眠期细根是最大的Ｎ库，新梢生长期和落叶期Ｎ主要在这两库间进行调运。春季新梢和叶片生长所用的贮藏Ｎ主要来源于根中的非蛋白态Ｎ。落叶期１５％～２５％的植株Ｎ随落叶损失。叶施５％尿素、乙烯利１０００ｎｇ／ｋｇ、萘乙酸５０～２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ可加速叶片Ｎ向树体回流，增加树体Ｎ水平。尿素处理可显著促进翌春新梢生长，增加成熟枝条长度和植株总干重。乙烯利１０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，萘乙酸５０、１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ处理具有同尿素相似的作用。N-labelled urea,common urea,ethephon(CEPA)and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)were applied by leaf daub or spray in autumn,1989 on potted one-year-old grapevines(Vitis amurensis Rupr.).The seasonal change tendency of total nitrogen,protein-nitrogen and NDFF(nitrogen derived from fertilizer),the effect of urea,CEPA,and NAA on nitrogen withdrawal from leaves,nitrogen distribution and plant growth were studied after treatment.The following are the main results.Leaf was the largest nitrogen sink among all organs in growth season,and so was fine root in dormant season.Exchange of nitrogen amount between two sinks took place after bud bursting and before leaf falling.Storage N used by shoots and leaves in spring mainly came from non-protein N in root.About 15%～25% of the plant total nitrogen was lost with the leaffalling.Five percent of urea,CEPA1000mg/kg,NAA 50mg/kg to 200 mg/kg could accelerate the withdrawal of leaf nitrogen,promote nitrogen distribution to the roots,and increase the level of storage nitrogen in plants.Urea treatment significantly promoted the growth of shoots and dry weight of the whole plant at the end of the next growth season.CEPA 1000mg/kg, NAA50mg/kg and 100mg/kg had the similareffect on plant growth to ures.

关 键 词：山葡萄 尿素 植物生长调节剂 氮代谢 调控 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学] S143[农业科学—园艺学]