在国家与地方社会之间——基于贵州明代卫学社会影响的考察  

Between the State and the Local Society:A case study of the social influence of the local education in Guizhou in Ming Dynasty

作　　者：孙兆霞[1] 雷勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州民族学院马克思主义学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《教育文化论坛》2010年第5期97-104,共8页Tribune of Education Culture

基　　金：国家社科基金西部课题"屯堡社会稳定性的宗教视角考察"(08XZJ007)的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：科举是隋唐以来国家与社会联系的关键性纽带。科举的国家性及内蕴的社会、文化渗透力,可直接标示国家与社会关系的特点。偌大中国,政区各异,对科举进行制度"一律"下特征各异的考察,能从特殊透视一般,从而深刻认识近代中国社会在国家与地方互动中,作为科举具体的教育功能和特殊意义。贵州明代科举及第者来源的结构及变迁案例,表征出科举作为国家与地方社会之间的流动载体,所依托的教育母体,深刻受制于国家与地方整合中的结构性制约;反过来,又以制度性产出(后果)的影响力制约着国家与地方社会的结构性特点,从而形成差序结构拓展与整合的社会变迁平台,卫学参与构建国家——社会的关系。Imperial examination had been one of the key bonds between the state and society since Sui and Tang Dynasties in the Chinese history.Its nationwideness and intrinsic societal and cultural penetration forces could be an indicator of the features of the relationship between the state and society.China was a big country,consisting of many different administrative regions.The study of various features of the imperial examination system under 'one' order could help people to see the general out of the particular,and consequently to find out the educational function and significance of the imperial examination in the mutual activities between the state and society in the late history of China.A study of those who passed the imperial examinations from Guizhou Province since Ming Dynasty,and their social structure and change,reveals that the imperial examination,as a dynamic carrier between the state and society,and its educational matrix on which it depended,were deeply affected by the structural restraint in the integration between the nation and locality,and vice versa,it also had impact on the nation-locality structure with its institutional products,thus forming a societal transition platform of differential structural extension and integration and allowing local education to be involved in the construction of the relationship between the state and society.

关 键 词：国家与社会关系 地方社会 贵州 明代科举 社会影响 考察 SOCIETY Ming DYNASTY influence social 结构性制约 文化渗透力 中国社会 制度性 整合 特殊意义 特点 社会变迁 教育功能 差序结构 

分 类 号：G4[文化科学—教育学]