昆仑山北麓地貌过程对风沙危害形成的影响  

Influence of Geomorphologic Processes on Formation of the Blown Sand Disaster in the Nouth Piedmont of Kunlun Mountains

作　　者：杨发相[1] 雷加强[1] 岳健[1] 吴玉伟[1] 桂东伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《山地学报》2010年第6期718-724,共7页Mountain Research

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技攻关项目(200633130);交通部西部建设科技项目(200631879735)课题资助~~

摘　　要：昆仑山北麓地跨昆仑-阿尔金山与塔里木盆地两大地貌单元,毗邻塔克拉玛干沙漠,区内沙源物质丰富,东北风与西北风盛行,风沙活动强烈,沙漠化程度达0.62,是目前我国风沙危害最严重的区域。地貌过程与风沙危害发生的关系,主要表现为风沙地貌过程加强引起风沙危害发生,流水地貌过程减弱使风沙危害加重,人工地貌过程对风沙危害有加强与减弱两方面的作用。区内风沙危害严重与地貌结构,沙漠、砾漠(戈壁)和雅丹面积占73.5%,风沙地貌面积大,沙源物质丰富;气候干旱少雨,荒漠区植被稀疏,风力强劲,风蚀风积强烈;河流稀少,流水地貌过程弱;水资源不足且分布不均,绿洲面积仅占13.49%,绿洲区人工地貌过程对荒漠环境扰动破坏大等有关。针对地貌及其过程对风沙危害的影响及发展趋势,提出了6条防治地貌过程加剧引起风沙危害的措施。The nouth piedmont of the Kunlun Mountains, lies across Tarim Basin and the Kunlun – Aerjin Mountains the two major geomorphic units, adjacent to the Taklimakan Desert, in which abundant source of sand and prevail north-easterly and north-west wind, together with strong wind events make it be the most serious region of the country (the southern margin of the Tarim Basin’s esertization index is 0.62).The relationship between geomorphologic process and formation of the blown sand disaster mainly represent three different aspects: the increase of aeolian landform process arose the blown sand disaster, the weakened fluvial landform process aggravated the blown sand disaster and the effect of artificial landforms process may enhance or weaken the blown sand disaster. The serious blown sand disaster related with natural and artificial factors and the main factors are as follows:(1)geomorphologic structure: there are 74% of the total areas of the desert, gravel desert and yardang landform as well as vast areas of aeolian landform and abundant source of sand. (2)climate: the aridity and less rainfall limited vegetation growth and under the strong wind the sparse vegetation bring on strong wind erosion and aeolian deposits. (3)human activities: in oasis, which is only 14% of areas of the southern margin of the Tarim Basin,human beings have something to do with desertification and other environmental disturbances. According to the effect of geomorphology and geomorphologic process to the blown sand disaster as well as the cause the development trend of blown sand disaster, this paper will provide six measures to prevent and cure the blown sand disaster for reference.

关 键 词：昆仑山 地貌过程 风沙危害 KUNLUN Mountains Blown Sand Disaster Processes 风沙地貌 塔克拉玛干沙漠 面积 塔里木盆地 沙漠化程度 资源不足 物质 沙源 绿洲区 荒漠区 环境扰动 干旱少雨 风沙活动 发展趋势 

分 类 号：P9[天文地球—自然地理学]