中国文论话语的还原——以《文心雕龙》之“文”为中心  

The Revival of Chinese Literary Theory Utterance

作　　者：戚良德 

机构地区：[1]山东大学文史哲研究院

出　　处：《山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2010年第4期129-137,共9页Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划项目<〈文心雕龙〉与当代文学>(08JA751025)阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：《文心雕龙》之"文",在现代汉语中很难找到与之相对应的词语,与今天的"文学"或"文章"都并不一致,这正说明我们现代文艺学的"失语"——失去了我们传统的话语。实际上,《文心雕龙》之"文"的内涵原本是清楚明白的;在整个中国古代文论史上,关于"文学"、"文章"的基本含义,也是一以贯之的。只是到了20世纪初叶,尤其是五四运动以后,"literature"被翻译成"文学"并得以广泛运用,中国古代漫长的"文学"、"文章"概念的应用历史基本中断,"文学"一词也就陷入尴尬之境。按照《文心雕龙》和中国古代文论中关于"文章"、"文学"的基本话语,"literature"不能翻译为"文学",而应该翻译为"文章",这也就是《文心雕龙》之"文";而作为"文章之学"(Literarystudy)的"文学",或可翻译为"Philology"。It is hard to find an equivalent in modern Chinese language for the 'wen' in Wenxin Diaolong (Dragon Carving and the Literary Mind). Today’s 'wenxue' (literature) or 'wenzhang' (article) is no equivalent for it, suggestive of the 'aphasia' of modern Chinese literary theory, that is, it has lost its traditional utterance. As a matter of fact, the connotation of 'wen' is unmistakably clear in Wenxin Diaolong. Moreover, the basic meanings of 'wenxue' and 'wenzhang' remain consistent throughout the history of Chinese ancient literary theory. It was not until the early twentieth century, especially after the May Fourth movement, that the word 'literature' was translated into 'wenxue' and then have been widely used, which practically put an end to the use of the concepts of 'wenxue' and 'wenzhang' in ancient China and consequently left the word 'wenxue' in a dilemma. According to the basic explanations of 'wenzhang' and 'wenxue' in Wenxin Diaolong and Chinese ancient literary theory, the English word 'literature' should not be translated into 'wenxue' but 'wenzhang' which is the meaning of the 'wen' in Wenxin Diaolong. The term 'wenxue'(the science of wenzhang, or literary study)should perhaps be rendered into 'philology' instead.

关 键 词：中国古代文论 文论话语 还原 《文心雕龙》 中心 Theory 文学 文章之学 literature 翻译 现代文艺学 现代汉语中 应用历史 五四运动 基本话语 文论史 study 世纪 失语 内涵 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]