大气中不同粒径颗粒态汞污染的时空分布特征  

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Mercury Contained in Size-Fractionated Particles in Shanghai Ambient

作　　者：修光利[1] 张爱东 金庆西[1] 张大年[1] 陈建敏[3] 张桂林[3] 

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学危险化学物质风险管理研究中心,上海200237 [2]上海市闸北区环境监测站,上海200072 [3]中国科学院核分析技术重点实验室,上海201800

出　　处：《华东理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2005年第4期466-470,共5页Journal of East China University of Science and Technology

摘　　要：在学院区(华东理工大学)和交通居住混合区(闸北区环境监测站)采集大气中不同粒径的微小颗粒物,用湿法消解和高温分解法提取后用冷原子吸收光谱法测定汞浓度;通过两段提取法分别测定挥发性颗粒汞(VPM)、反应性颗粒汞(RPM)和惰性颗粒汞(IPM)。结果表明交通居住混合区的颗粒态汞约90%集中在<8μm中,而学院区则为50%～60%;冬季的颗粒态汞浓度明显高于春季、夏季和秋季,细颗粒物中惰性汞占的比例较大,说明颗粒态汞的形态与形成机制具有密切关系;PM1.6中汞的浓度与207Pb/206Pb、208Pb/206Pb未呈现出相关性,而207Pb/206Pb、208Pb/206Pb比值与燃煤和土壤的同位素比值比较接近,说明燃煤和扬尘可能对颗粒物有较大贡献。大气汞的人为源排污清单初步分析表明燃煤是上海市大气汞的最主要来源。Size-fractionated particles were collected at campus site and mixed zone. Mercury extracted from size-fractionated particles by wet digestion and thermal decomposition was analized by cold vapor atomic absorption method. The volatile particulate mercury （VPM）, reactive particulate mercury （RPM） and inert particulate mercury （IPM） were differentiated by two-steps-extraction. Results indicated that more than 90% of mercury in TSP in Zhabei district was in particles with a size less than 8 μm, while 50%～60% was found in campus site. Particulate mercury in winter is clearly larger than that in other seasons, and IPM has the larger ratio in finer particles, which indicates that particulate mercury speciation is associated with its formation mechanism. No strong correlation of mercury concentration with ^207Pb/^206Pb,^208Pb/^206Pb ratios is found, while ^207Pb/^206Pb and ^208Pb/^206Pb are relatively close to those of the particlesexhausted from coal burning and soil, so it suggests that coal burning and suspended dust might be the important contributors. Preliminary anthropogenic emission inventory of atmospheric mercury suggests that coal burning might be the main sources.

关 键 词：颗粒态汞 粒径分布 形态分析 铅同位素比 排污清单 

分 类 号：X21[环境科学与工程—环境科学]