道路交通伤害的病例交叉研究  

A case-crossover study on road traffic injury

作　　者：袁萍[1] 文进[1] 邓振华[2] 孔斌[3] 刘宽林[3] 黄思兴[3] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院流行病学教研室,成都610041 [2]四川大学华西基础与法医学院病理学教研室 [3]成都市公安局交通管理局事故预防处理处

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2005年第8期600-603,共4页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

基　　金：四川省科技厅重点资助项目(2000169)

摘　　要：目的探讨道路交通伤害的危险因素。方法采用病例交叉研究方法,通过专门设计的问卷对402名驾驶员进行面访,调查内容包括酒后驾驶、发怒水平、焦虑/烦躁、急性困倦状况、车辆故障、疏忽大意、不按规定让行和不按交通标志行驶等。应用1∶1匹配的病例对照研究资料处理方法进行单因素分析,用条件logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果多因素分析结果显示的危险因素有:发怒水平高(OAS记分为5～7分)(OR=114.88,95%CI:4.29～3074.86)、不按规定让行(OR=46.96,95%CI:12.74～173.11)、不按交通标志行驶(OR=24.57,95%CI:8.69～69.45)、疏忽大意(OR=14.54,95%CI:6.85～30.86)、纵向间距不够(OR=14.30,95%CI:3.68～55.60)、感觉/判断错误(OR=14.67,95%CI:4.88～44.10)、车辆故障(OR=8.57,95%CI:1.38～53.27)和措施不当(OR=8.46,95%CI:2.46～29.14)。结论道路交通伤害的危险因素中,机动车驾驶员的不良行为、异常心理状态和驾驶技能等因素不容忽视,对驾驶员开展有针对性的道路交通安全教育十分必要。Objective To explore the risk factors of road traffic injury（RTI）, and to provide evidence for stretagy development on the prevention and control of RTI. Methods Case-crossover study was used. 402 drivers were face to face interviewed by specially designed questionnaire including the items as drinking alcohol before driving, onset anger scale（OAS）, anxiety/irritation, Stanford sleepiness scale （SSS）, vehicle breakdown, carelessness, violating the rules on right of way and traffic signs when driving. Tables related to case-control study on 1 ： 1 matching was used for single factor analysis, and conditional logistic regression was used for multifactor analysis. Results The risk factors that were associated with RTI including high OAS（OAS = 5-7, OR = 114.88,95 % CI ： 4.29- 3074.86）, violating the rules on right of way（ OR = 46.96,95 % CI ： 12.74-173.11 ）, violating traffic signs when driving（ OR = 24.57,95 % CI： 8.69-69.45 ）, carelessness （ OR = 14.54,95 % CI ： 6.85-30.86） , unsafe distance between vehicles（ OR = 14.30,95% CI：3.68-55.60） , wrong judgement（ OR = 14.67,95% C1：4.88-44.10） , vehicle breakdown （OR= 8.57,95% CI： 1.38-53.27） and improper measure（ OR= 8.46, 95% CI：2.46-29.14） etc. Conclusion Improper driving behaviors, abnormal psychological status and driving skills of drivers were related to RTI, suggesting that it was necessary to carry out continous traffic security education to the drivers.

关 键 词：道路交通伤害 病例交叉研究 驾驶技能 心理状态 驾驶员 安全教育 

分 类 号：R641[医药卫生—外科学]