香石竹和满天星真空预冷中水分补充方式研究  

Water Loss of and Its Compensation to Cut Carnation and Gypsopila During Process of Vacuum Cooling

作　　者：高俊平[1] 孙自然[1] 周山涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京农业大学观赏园艺系,北京100094

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1996年第1期66-72,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学;中国博士后基金

摘　　要：真空预冷中不同预冷终温(香石竹10℃、5℃、2℃;满天星10℃、5℃)和不同补水方式(不给水、叶面喷水和茎基吸水)对香石竹和满天星切花水分状况和瓶插寿命影响的研究结果表明:真空预冷中,2种花材鲜重损失都以不给水处理最大,喷水处理次之,而吸水处理几乎没有损失。香石竹花梗水势和满天星花枝水势都以吸水处理最高,接近或高于处理前水平,喷水处理则显著降低,不给水处理最低。经真空预冷后,香石竹瓶插寿命不给水处理在2℃预冷终温下平均只有3.2d,而吸水处理在3种预冷终温下都是7～8d,喷水处理介于二者之间;满天星瓶插期间花朵枯萎进程以不给水处理最快,喷水处理次之,吸水处理最慢。因此,吸水处理可以作为香石竹和满天星切花真空预冷过程中防止水分损失的一项有效措施。Water loss of and its compensation to cut flower of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) and gypsophila (Gypsophila elegans) during the process of vacuum Cooling were investigated in this paper via the following treatments: (1) unprecooling treatment as control (CK); (2) different means of water supply, including no water supply, water spray, and water absorbing through the stem of cut flower; (3) various cooling temperatures, being from room temperature (about 27℃) lowering to 10℃,5℃,2℃for carnation, and to 10℃, 5℃ for gypsophila respectively. The results showed that: (1) During vacuum cooling, for the two tested flowers, fresh weights were unchanged with treatments of the water absorbing; obviously reduced with no water supply; and intermediate with water spray. (2) For water potential of the stalk of the two tested flowers, the highest was observed with the water absorbing, of which was the same or ever higher than that before precooling; the lowest was found with no water supply; and the intermediate also with water spray. (3) After the vacuum precooling, for carnation,vase life treated by no water supply at 2℃ was 3. 2 d. With water absorbing, however, the vase life was 7~8 d, of which was similar to the CK, while the vase life with treatment of water spray was intermediate. For gypsophila, flower was quickly withered with no water supply, lower with water spray, and the lowest with water absorbing. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that the water absorbing through the stem of cut flower of carnation or gypsophila could be used to prevent water loss of the cut flowers during vacuum cooling as an available method.

关 键 词：香石竹 满天星 真空预冷 水势 瓶插寿命 切花 

分 类 号：S688.2[农业科学—观赏园艺]