丛枝菌根在煤矿区生态重建中的应用  

Application of arbuscular mycorrhizas in ecological restoration of areas affected by coal mining in China

作　　者：毕银丽[1] 吴福勇[1] 武玉坤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)资源与安全工程学院,100083

出　　处：《生态学报》2005年第8期2068-2073,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然基金资助项目(40201051;20377051);国家"863"青年基金资助项目(2005AA644020)~~

摘　　要：煤炭开采在促进国民经济快速发展的同时,引发诸多生态环境问题,分别就矿区生态治理中存在的主要障碍因子进行论述,结合丛枝菌根对宿主植物的营养吸收和抗逆性能,综述了丛枝菌根在矿区生态重建中应用的研究进展,揭示出菌根应用在矿区生态重建中的作用潜力和研究方向,极大地提高了矿区生态恢复的质量。Coal mining has aided economic development but has also caused serious environmental problems. This paper reviews the major soil barriers to successful ecological restoration such as low soil fertility, low or high pH, low water holding capacity, high erodibility and extremely high temperature and poor soil microbial activity. Mining activities have severe deleterious effects on plants and the soil microbial community that must be ameliorated with additional amendments in order to achieve successful re-vegetation. Arbuscular mycorrhizas are the most common underground symbiosis. They are formed in the roots of wide variety of host plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi can enhance plant nutrition, growth and disease resistance. AM fungal hyphae have an important role in mineral absorption because of their fine diameter （2-7μm） and their substantial hyphal length. They can therefore absorb much more mineral nutrients than roots alone. Hyphae can exude certain organic compounds which can aggregate soil particles and maintain the structure of macroaggregates. Hyphae can also acquire immobile nutrients, especially phosphorus and certain trace elements, and thereby help plants to tolerate environmental stresses such as low fertility, drought, extreme temperatures and pH, heavy metals and saline-alkali soil condtions. Mycorrhizas have shown great promise in the ecological restoration of mining areas. They can enhance soil fertility, improve soil structure and enhance soil biological activity for the promotion of plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizas have great potential for practical application in soil remediation and the re-vegetation of degraded land.

关 键 词：丛枝菌根 煤矿区 生态重建 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]