轻度阿尔茨海默病及轻度认知障碍患者汉语双字词判断反应时研究  

Lexical decision reaction time study of reading Chinese in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

作　　者：杨晓娜[1] 王荫华[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学第一医院神经内科,北京世纪坛医院神经内科100034

出　　处：《中华神经科杂志》2005年第8期476-479,共4页Chinese Journal of Neurology

摘　　要：目的探索轻度阿尔茨海默病(AD)和轻度认知障碍(MCI)患者在汉语词汇认知加工过程中语义和语音时间进程及模式的改变特点。方法对32例轻度AD(AD组)和39例MCI患者(MCI组)以及40名健康对照(NC组)进行汉语双字词判断任务,采用语义、同音、变调和无关对照四种启动类型,设立长短两种刺激呈现间隔(SOA),被试对目标词进行真假词判断,分别记录被试的反应时和错误率,判断是否出现语义或语音启动效应,通过方差分析和t检验方法对实验数据进行统计分析。结果轻度AD和MCI患者各启动类型的平均反应时较NC分别延长411ms和234ms(P<0.01),NC组在长SOA时的反应时较短SOA时快53ms(P=0.002),而轻度AD组和MCI组长SOA时的反应时分别较短SOA时延长95ms和74ms(分别为P=0.005,P=0.011);各组均出现了语义和语音启动效应,轻度AD和MCI组假词判断的错误率(20.0%和14.4%)明显高于NC组(9.0%,P<0.01)。结论轻度AD及MCI患者汉语词汇加工速度减慢;轻度AD患者的语音提取过程受损,轻度AD及MCI患者语义编码过程可能受损。MCI患者语音加工过程可能正常。Objective To delineate the changes in pattern and time course of semantic and phonological processing during Chinese language cognition study in patients with mild Alzheimer＇ s disease （AD） and mild cognitive impairment （MCI）. Methods Patients with mild AD（n =32）and MCI （n =39） as well as normal controls （ NC, n = 40 ） matched with age, gender, level of education were enrolled in the study. Subjects completed Chinese compound word decision task applying both short and long stimulus onset asynchrony （SOA）. Semantic, homophonic, semihomophonic and unrelated primes preceded the real words as well as nonwords targets. Subjects were asked to judge whether the targets were real words or nonwords. The reaction time and accuracy were recorded for each response. Semantic and phonological priming effects were analyzed by comparing the related primes versus unrelated primes. Analyses of variance （ANOVA） and t-test were conducted for reaction time and accuracy respectively. Results The mean reaction times of mild AD and MCI groups were prolonged （411 ms and 234 ms） for all types of priming in contrast with NC（P 〈 0. 01 ）. Responses of the NC were faster during the long SOA as comparing to short SOA （ 53 ms, P = 0. 002） , whereas reaction times of mild AD and MCI group （95 ms and 74 ms） were longer for long SOA than for short SOA （P = 0. 005, P = 0. 011 ）. The semantic and phonological priming effects appeared in all groups. The accuracy of nonwords judgment in mild AD and MCI group （20. 0% and 14. 4% ） was significantly lower than NC （9.0%, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion The results indicate that the speed of Chinese language cognitive processing should be decreased in both mild AD and MCI patients. The semantic encoding might be impaired in mild AD and MCI patients. The phonological processing in mild AD patients might be impaired,whereas which in MCI patients might be preserved.

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默病 认知障碍 语言试验 轻度认知障碍(MCI) 轻度阿尔茨海默病 AD患者 反应时 汉语 字词 启动效应 

分 类 号：R749.16[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]