健身运动处方对大学生身体成分的影响  

Influence of body building exercise prescription on the body composition of university students

作　　者：张丽玉[1] 吴燕波[1] 陈喜福[1] 

机构地区：[1]韩山师范学院体育系,广东省潮州市521041

出　　处：《中国临床康复》2005年第24期147-149,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation

基　　金：广东省教育科学"十五"规划项目;广东省教厅重点课题子课题(GZA02005)~~

摘　　要：目的:观察在课外体育活动中进行不同类型健身运动处方锻炼实验对大学生身体成分的影响。方法:于2003-09/12选择韩山师范学院普系一、二年级学生175人为观察对象。按性别和身体状况分为8组,速度组(21人)、耐力组(23人)、力量组(23人)、灵敏组(23人)、柔韧组(23人)、增重组(23人)、全面发展组(21人)及瘦身组(18人)。采用经专家指导修改并确定的不同类型的健身运动处方(以提高人体速度、耐力、力量、灵敏、柔韧、增重、全面发展及瘦身为主要内容的各种健身运动方法的合理组合)在下午课外体育活动中实施,锻炼持续时间12周,每周3次,40min/次(准备部分5min,基本部分30min和整理部分5min)。运动强度以基本部分平均心率来评定,要求达到130～150次/min。在实施健身运动处方前后采用国家体育总局规定使用的皮褶厚度计测量皮褶厚度(包括肩胛部、臂部、腹部)等指标,并运用体密度回归方程,成人男子身体密度=1.0863-0.00176×腹部皮褶厚度;成年女子身体密度=1.0709-0.00105×腹部皮褶厚度。通过测量的腹部皮褶厚度可间接推算出身体密度。再利用公式:体脂(%)=(4.570/身体密度-4.142)×100,瘦体质量=体质量×(1-体脂百分比),计算出体脂百分比和瘦体质量。实验前后采用配对t检验,显著性水平定为0.05和0.01。结果:175人均完成12周锻炼,全部测量指标进入结果分析。①不同类型健身运动处方对大学生皮褶厚度的影响:男女速度组,力量组、耐力组、男全面组在锻炼后均较锻炼前表现出腹部皮褶厚度呈显著性减少(P<0.05)。而男女瘦身组表现出腹部皮褶厚度极显著性减少的效果(P<0.01)。男力量组、男女瘦身组肩胛部皮褶厚度也呈显著性减少(P<0.05)。②不同类型健身运动处方对大学生体脂百分比的影响:锻炼前男女各组体脂百分比均值都在最佳健康状况范围,男为12.85%～20.53%,女为18.47%�AIM： To observe the influence on the body composition of university students hy performing different body building exercise prescription in extracurricular physical activities. METHODS： Between September and December 2003, 175 students in grade 1 and grade 2 of Hanshan Teacher＇s College were divided into 8 experimental groups according to their gender and body status： velocity group （n=21）, endurance group （n=23）, strength group （n=23）, sensitivity group （n=23）, flexibility group （n=23）, body mass gaining group （n=23）, comprehension group （n=21） and body mass losing group （n=18）. The prescription was the reasonable composition of various body building exercises for improving the velocity, endurance, strength, sensitivity and flexibility, losing and gaining body mass, and comprehensive development, the prescription was instructed and modified by the specialists. The prescription experiment was carried out among the students during the extracurricular physical activities in the afternoon for 12 weeks, 3 times every week, 40 minutes for each time （5 minutes for preparation, 30 minutes for main part, 5 minutes for arrangement）. The exercise intensity was evaluated with the average heart rate （130 to 150 beats per minutes） during the main part of the exercise. Before and after training of body building exercise prescription, the indexes of skinfolds at shoulder, arm and abdominal part were detected with the skinfold measurement required by the General Administration of Sports. The body density regression equation was used to calculate the adult male body density=1.086 3-0.001 76 × skinfold at abdominal part and adult female body density=1.070 9-0.001 05 × skinfold at abdominal part. The body density could be indirectly calculated with the measured skinfold at abdominal part, and then the body fat percentage and lean body mass were calculated with the formulae of body fat percentage （%）= （4.570/body densities-4.142） × 100, and lean body mass = body mass ×（1-

关 键 词：身体锻炼 运动 处方 非药物 学生 身体成分 

分 类 号：R749.91[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]