烟台市3个区老年人健身运动状况与常见5种慢性疾病的流行病学调查  

Epidemiological study on the status of physical exercises and five common chronic diseases among aged people living in three districts of Yantai city

作　　者：史祝梅[1] 王爱华[1] 李爱民 杨桂志[1] 

机构地区：[1]烟台师范学院体育学院,山东省烟台市264025

出　　处：《中国临床康复》2005年第24期150-151,共2页Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation

摘　　要：目的:了解参加健身运动老年人高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、脑卒中、恶性肿瘤等5种慢性疾病的患病情况。方法:采用随机抽样的现况调查方法,于2004-07/08随机抽取烟台市芝罘区、福山区、莱山区的老年居民1500人作为调查对象。采用自行设计的统一调查问卷对老年居民进行调查,问卷内容包括运动情况,高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、脑卒中、恶性肿瘤等5种慢性疾病患病情况。慢性疾病诊断标准:高血压以1999年WHO的定义和分类标准,将收缩压≥140mmHg或舒张压≥90mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)以及有高血压病史且近两周内服降压药者均列为患高血压;其他疾病均以县级及以上医院的诊断为准。患1种及以上慢性病视为患病。运动情况包括开始运动的年龄、主要运动方式、运动频率及每次运动时间等。运动频率分为偶尔运动且无规律、每周运动1～3次、每周运动3次以上。每次运动时间分为<20min,20～30min,>30min。将所调查人群分为运动组和非运动组,其中既往无运动史或偶尔运动且无规律为非运动组;每周运动1-3次或每周运动3次以上,持续5年以上者为运动组。结果:发出调查表1500份,收回合格问卷1428份,有效率95.20%。运动组1013人,非运动组415人,有规律健身运动参与率70.94%(1013/1428)。5种慢性疾病总患病人数602人,总患病率42.16%(602/1428)。①运动组5种慢性疾病的总患病率为41.56%(421/1013),非运动组为43.6%(181/415)。两组无差异。其中高血压的患病率运动组显著低于非运动组(29.32%,34.70%,χ2=3.99,P<0.05),而两组冠心病、糖尿病、脑卒中、恶性肿瘤4种慢性病的患病率相近。②随着年龄的增长,参与健身的人数逐渐增加,30岁前仅有7.50%(76/1013)的人开始参与健身运动,79.07%(801/1013)的人是在40岁以后才参与健身运动的,35.74%(362/1013)的人是在60岁后开始参与健身运动的。参与健身运动的年龄越晚,慢性疾�AIM： To investigate the prevalences of 5 chronic diseases of hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, stroke and cancer in aged people, who participate in exercises or not. METHODS： Between Ju.ly and August 2004, 1 500 aged residents in the Zhifu, Fushan and Laishan urban districts of Yantaicity were randomly selected, and were investigated with the self-desigend questionnaire, the contents consisted of physical exercises status, the prevalenees of the 5 chronic diseases of hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, stroke and cancer. The diagnostic standards of chronic diseases were as follows： According to the standard set by WHO in 1999 that systolic pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure ≥90 mm Hg （1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa）, those with history of hypertension and took drugs for decreasing blood pressure within two weeks were diagnosed to have hypertension; other diseases were according to the diagnosis of hospital of county and above. Having one and more chronic diseases was taken as a patient. Physical exercises status included the age of starting to do exercises, main exercise way, frequency and duration. Exercises frequency was divided into occasionally and irregularly, 1 to 3 times every week, more than 3 times every week. Duration was divided into less than 20 minutes, 20 to 30 minutes, more than 30 minutes. All the subjects were divided into exercise group （doing exercise at least once every week and had lasted for 5 years and more） and non-exercise group （without exercise history or doing exercise occasionally）. RESULTS： Totally 1 500 questionnaires were sent out, 1 428 qualified ones were collected back, and the effective rate was 95.20%. There were 1 013 and 415 cases in the exercise group and non-exercise group, respectively, the participating rate of regular exercise was 70.94% （1 013/1 428）. ①A total of 602 cases suffered from one or more of the 5 chronic diseases, and the total prevalence rate was 42.16% （602/1 428）. The total preva- le

关 键 词：体育运动 慢性病 老年人 老年人高血压 健身运动 慢性疾病 流行病学调查 烟台市 病患病率 患病情况 

分 类 号：R544.1[医药卫生—心血管疾病] R161.1[医药卫生—内科学]