略论朝贡制度的虚幻:以古代中国与东南亚的朝贡关系为例  

On the Illusiveness of Tributary System:a Case of the Tributary Relations between Ancient China and Southeast Asia

作　　者：庄国土[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学东南亚研究中心,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《南洋问题研究》2005年第3期1-8,96,共9页Southeast Asian Affairs

摘　　要：很多东西方学者所认为的中国与东南亚之间长期存在的“朝贡贸易与宗藩关系”,实际上并不具备“朝贡”和“宗藩”的实质。将到中国者统称为朝贡者,基本上是中国统治者以及历代史官、文人的一厢情愿。中国朝廷通常没有也不打算利用这种表面上的、自我安慰式的“朝贡宗藩”关系来干预东南亚地区事务。实行“朝贡体制”数百年的明清两朝,其海外政策基本上是不作为的自我封闭政策,并没有获得对东南亚的实际政治影响力。The so-called long-standing “tributary trade and suzerain-vassal relations” between ancient China and Southeast Asia, which have been held among many Oriental and Western scholars, were in fact hardly related to “tributary” and “suzerain-vassal” in substance. The general designation of those who had come to China as tributaries, was basically the one-sided wish of Chinese rulers, historians and scholars in the past dynasties. Chinese imperial courts did not usually use or intend to use this ostensible and self-comforting “tributary and suzerain-vassal” relations to interfere the internal affairs in Southeast Asia. The overseas policies adopted by the Ming and Qing Dynasties which had introduced the “tributary system” for hundreds of years were by and large “attempting nothing” and “self-closing”, with no influences on the actual politics in Southeast Asia.

关 键 词：朝贡制度 宗藩关系 东南亚 明清时期 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]