全球气候变暖背景下山西旱涝灾害研究  

The Research of Water Logging and Drought Calamity of Shanxi on the Background of Global Climate's Warmth

作　　者：张永国[1] 亢晋勇[1] 李秀英[1] 

机构地区：[1]忻州师范学院,山西忻州034000

出　　处：《忻州师范学院学报》2005年第2期64-68,共5页Journal of Xinzhou Teachers University

摘　　要：干旱是对山西农业生产威胁次数最多、影响范围最广、造成损失最重的气象灾害。本文根据1991—1999年的降水资料,利用降水距平百分率和暴雨频次对山西近期旱涝灾害进行了分析。20世纪90年代山西省干旱趋于严重,全省干旱大致2-3年出现一次,每年都导致粮食农作物大幅度减产。降水量减少现象在冬季(12-2月)最严重。春旱发生频率较高,并存在地区差异,由北向南逐渐减少。夏旱和夏秋连旱损失最大。山西省暴雨次数、受灾面积、经济损失的年际差异和地区差异比较明显,降水量多的年份暴雨场次多、范围大、损失严重。暴雨具有南多北少、山区多、盆地少的特征,多发地区主要分布在山西省的南部和东南部。山西省暴雨集中在7、8、9三个月,尤以7、8月份最多,占总数的77.7%。与前几十年相比90年代暴雨次数有明显的减少趋势。暴雨洪水损失除粮食减产一项不如干旱造成的严重外,其他各种经济损失都居各种自然损失之首。The text analyzes recent flood and drought calamity of Shanxi based on 1991 - 1999＇s material of precipitation. Drought is a climate calamity which threatens Agriculture of Shanxi most frequently. Widely and bring the heaviest loss. In 1990s, drought of Shanxi tends to be grave, provincial drought happens every 2 - 3years, which fiercely reduces the output of grain. The phenomenon of reduced precipitation is the most serious in winter. The frequencies of spring drought are high and have local difference which gradually decreases from north to south. Drought which happens in summer and summer- autumn made the most greatest loss. The annual and local differences which contain the time of cloudburst, the surface area of disaster and causes grave loss in year which has enough rainfall. The frequency of cloudburst gradually decreases from south to north, from mountain area to basin. These are its characters. It appears frequently in south and southeast of Shanxi. In Shanxi, cloudburst happens mostly in July, August and September, especially in July and August, which reaches 77.7 % compared with firstseveral decades, the time of cloudburst obviously tend to less in 1990s. Besides reduced output of food, the economical loss of the other is first due to cloudburst and flood.

关 键 词：自然灾害 干旱 暴雨 洪水 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]