水印鲁棒性：纠错编码有效吗？  

Robustness of Watermarking: Is Error Correcting Coding Effective?

作　　者：黄继武  谷利民  施云庆  

机构地区：[1]Department of Electronics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University [2]Department of Electronics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275,Beijing Research and Development Center, China Construction Bank [3]Department of ECE, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ 07102, USA

出　　处：《自动化学报》2005年第5期683-692,共10页Acta Automatica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金，广东省自然科学基金，Funding of National Education Ministry of P.R.China

摘　　要：Robustness is one of the most important requirements of digital watermarking for many applications. Spread-spectrum based methods are not effective enough to ensure their robustness. By modeling digital watermarking as digital communications, several researchers proposed using error correcting coding (ECC) to improve robustness. However, an important fact that has long been neglected is that due to the imperceptibility requirement, the redundancy introduced by ECC will lead to a decrease of the magnitude of watermark signal. Therefore, a problem arises naturally:Could the usage of ECC effectively improve the robustness of watermarking? This paper addresses this problem from the perspectives of both theoretical analysis and experimental investigation. Our investigation shows that ECG cannot effectively improve the robustness of watermarking against a great majority of various attacks except for cropping and jitter attacks. Hence, ECC should not be considered as a universal measure that can be employed to enhance robustness of watermarking.Robustness is one of the most important requirements of digital watermarking for many applications. Spread-spectrum based methods are not effective enough to ensure their robustness. By modeling digital watermarking as digital communications, several researchers proposed using error correcting coding （ECC） to improve robustness. However, an important fact that has long been neglected is that due to the imperceptibility requirement, the redundancy introduced by ECC will lead to a decrease of the magnitude of watermark signal. Therefore, a problem arises naturally： Could the usage of ECC effectively improve the robustness of watermarking？ This paper addresses this problem from the perspectives of both theoretical analysis and experimental investigation. Our investigation shows that ECC cannot effectively improve the robustness of watermarking against a great majority of various attacks except for cropping and jitter attacks. Hence, ECC should not be considered as a universal measure that can be employed to enhance robustness of watermarking.

关 键 词：数字水印 鲁棒性 纠错编码 有效性 光谱 BSC 

分 类 号：TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]