夏秋两季饲养条件下扬子鳄的行为谱和活动节律初步研究  

PRIMARY RESEARCH ON THE ACTIVITY RHYTHM AND THE BEHAVIOR CODING OF CAPATIVE-BRED CHINSES ALLIGATOR IN SUMMER AND AUTUMN

作　　者：张方 [1] 吴孝兵 [2] 朱家龙 [2] 章松 [1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学,生命科学学院,芜湖,241000 [2]安徽省扬子鳄繁殖研究中心,宣城,232034

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2005年第5期488-494,共7页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：安徽省优秀青年基金(04043049);重要生物资源的保护及利用安徽省重点实验室基金;安徽省学术与技术带头人基金及安徽省教委基金资助(2004kj175)资助

摘　　要：2003年夏秋两季(7-11月间),采用扫描取样法和目标动物取样法,对饲养条件下扬子鳄的个体行为和活动 节律进行了研究。结果表明:夏秋两季饲养条件下扬子鳄的个体行为主要包括休息行为(水中休息、陆地休息、晒 太阳、挠痒、打哈欠、伸懒腰);运动行为(游泳、潜水、爬行、摆尾);摄食行为(摄食、漱口);冲突行为(打斗、对视);嬉 戏行为(嬉戏、堆积);吼叫行为;排泄行为等。 夏季,扬子鳄休息行为的时间最多,日变化规律显示:早晨6:00-7:00为休息高峰期;下午12:30-13:30为潜 水高峰期。秋季,用于晒太阳的时间最多,秋季早晨6:00-7:30为潜水高峰期,且一天中扬于鳄晒太阳活动出现三 次高峰即10:30-11:00,13:30-14:00,16:30-17:00。统计结果表明,夏秋两季潜水、晒太阳和休息3种个体行为差 异性较为显著。在30℃-36℃之间,扬子鳄潜水时间和温度之间呈线性关系。研究结果同时表明,长期人工饲养 对扬子鳄的某些弹性行为如摄食行为等产生了较大影响。在行为描述的基础上,对扬子鳄的有关行为机制进行了 探讨。而影响扬子鳄行为表达的生物因素主要包括年龄和食物资源;非生物因素主要包括空间和生境等。In summer and autumn of 2003, the author introduced target objective observation and scan sampling methods to research the behavior coding and rhythm of Chinese alligator, Alligator sinensis. The results showed that the main individual behaviors include resting behaviors （ resting in water, resting on land, basking yawning, stretching waist, tickling）, sport behaviors （ swimming, diving, crawling, swing tail）, feeding behaviors（ feeding, gargling）, conflicting behaviors（ fighting, staring） playing behaviors（ pileup, playing）, roaring behaviors and so on. After reproduction in summer, resting is the main behavior of daily rhythm, basking becomes the main behavior in autumn. The dally varying rhythm of main behaviors of Chinese alligator showed that from 6：00 to 7：00 in summer morning,there is a resting fastigium and a diving fastigium from 12：30 to 13：30 in the afternoon. In autumn, there was a diving fastigium from 6：00 to 7 ： 30 and three basking fastigiums in a day, that was 10： 30-- 11 ：（30,13 ： 30-- 14：00,16：30--17：00. The analysis showed there were significantly differences among the diving, basking and resting in summer and autumn. During the temperature of 30℃--36 ℃, the relationship between diving time and temperature approximately abide by linearity relations. During the temperature of 25℃--30℃, the temperature was not the most important factor. Because of the long time breeding, some elastic behaviors, such as feeding, were affected very much. Except for the description for behavior, this paper also discussed the mechanism of behaviors. Biological factors affecting alligators＇ behaviors were described, including age and food resources. Non-biological factors were demonstrated also in the study, such as space and living habitats.

关 键 词：扬子鳄 行为 活动节律 

分 类 号：Q958.11[生物学—动物学]