论诈骗罪中的财产损失  

On the Property Loss in Deception Crime

作　　者：张明楷[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2005年第5期118-137,共20页China Legal Science

基　　金：本文获教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"资助

摘　　要：诈骗罪是财产犯罪,倘若欺骗行为不能造成他人财产损失,便不成立诈骗罪;如若欺骗行为具有造成财产损失的危险性,但没有造成现实的财产损失,则成立诈骗未遂(中止)。对于“财产”损失的认定,宜采取以经济的财产说为基础的折中说;受骗者(被害人)基于不法原因给付财物的,存在财产损失;欺骗他人使之免除非法债务的,以及使用欺骗方法取得对方不法占有的自己所有的财产或者实现合法债权的,不存在财产损失。对于财产“损失”的认定,应采取实质的个别财产说;行为人在骗取财产的同时提供相当对价的,应认定为造成了财产损失;行为人就交付财产的用途、财产的接受者进行欺骗因而取得财产的,视受骗者是否存在法益关系的错误认定判断是否存在财产损失。Crime of Fraud is a crime of property, ff the fraudulent act could not cause others＇ property losses, it doesn＇t constitute Crime of Fraud.If the fraudulent act could cause the danger of property losses, however, it doesn＇t cause actual property losses, it constitutes attempted Fraud （discontinuance）.About the estabhshment of “property” losses, we should adopt the compromise theory on basis of the theory of economic property. When the victim gives property on account of illegal reason, there exists a property loss. When the actor defrauds others of remitting an illegal debt, there doesn＇ t exist a property loss. When the actor gets one＇ s own property, which the other party illegally occupies, or he realizes legal creditor＇s rights by using the fraudulent method, there exists a property loss.About the establishment of property “losses”, we should adopt the theory of materially individual property. When the actor both defrauds property and provides balanced consideration, we should establish it causes property losses. When the actor defrauds the usage of handed property and the property accepter, thus he acquires property.We should establish there exists a property loss or not, according to the victim making mistake of the legal interest.

关 键 词：诈骗罪 财产损失 欺骗行为 不法原因给付 财产犯罪 欺骗方法 行为人 不成立 被害人 接受者 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]