知道感与不知道感:两种不同的认知加工过程——一项来自行为实验的证据  

Feeling-Of-Knowing and Feeling-Of-Not-Knowingare Differ ent Cognitive Processes: An Evidence from Behavior Research

作　　者：刘岩[1] 苏彦捷[1] 徐国庆[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学心理学系,北京100871 [2]天津商学院应用心理学系,天津300134

出　　处：《心理学报》2005年第5期590-597,共8页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：北京市重点实验室---首都师范大学学习与认知实验室经费资助。

摘　　要：脑成像研究表明,准确的知晓感(FOK)可以分为知道感和不知道感,两者可能依赖不同的大脑机制实现。该研究通过两个实验,检验了线索和靶子的频率对FOK判断准确性的影响,并在行为水平上考察了“知道感和不知道感可能通过不同的认知过程来实现”的假设。实验一表明:靶子字的频率对FOK判断的准确性有影响,即靶子为低频字时,FOK判断的准确性降低;同时,线索和靶子的字频对知道感和不知道感判断的等级没有影响。实验二显示:线索熟悉性只影响准确的不知道感判断等级,而靶项目强度只影响准确的知道感判断等级,即产生了非交叉的双重分离。综上,我们发现了靶子的字频对FOK判断准确性的影响,并从行为实验的角度证实,知道感和不知道感依赖不同的认知加工过程。Research from brain imaging showed that accurate FOK was composed of feeling-of-knowing and feeling-of-not-knowing, which might rely on different brain mechanism. This research examined the influence of the cue and the target on the accuracy of FOK, and the hypothesis on “it was possible that feeling-of-knowing and feeling-of-not-knowing were different cognitive processes” in two experiments. Results of the first experiment showed that the frequency of the target impacted on the accuracy of FOK judgments, that is, when the target was a low-frequency word, FOK judgments were inaccurate. And meanwhile the frequency of the cue and the target had no influence on Feeling-of-knowing and Feeling.of-not-knowng. Results of the second experiment showed that cue-familiarity affected on the accurate feeling-of-not-knowing, while partial access of the target had influence on accurate feeling-of- knowing. So we concluded that the frequency of the target impacted on the accuracy of FOK judgment, and provided evidence that Feeling-of-knowing and Feeling-of -not-knowing were different cognitive processes through behavior experiments.

关 键 词：知道感 不知道感 分离 靶项目强度 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]