长寿老干部135例的视力及眼部情况  

Survey of the vision and eye condition of the longevous

作　　者：夏群[1] 张伟[1] 师自安[1] 张尧贞[1] 楮德发[2] 

机构地区：[1]卫生部北京医院眼科,中国北京市100730 [2]卫生部北京医院统计室,中国北京市100730

出　　处：《国际眼科杂志》2005年第5期1049-1052,共4页International Eye Science

摘　　要：目的:调查长寿老人的视力状况及眼部情况,分析其影响因素。方法:对长寿老人135例采用Snellen国际标准视力表进行视力检测,并以裂隙灯、眼底镜及非接触眼压计常规检查外眼、眼前节、眼底及眼压。对疑似病例采取相应的辅助检查。对53例能合作验光检查的老人进行屈光矫正。资料统计采用SPSS1.0软件包进行均数统计和t检验。结果:除外4例老年性痴呆患者,131例262眼中<0.01的22眼,其余240眼≥0.01,右眼视力为0.01～1.0(0.46±0.50);左眼0.03～1.0(0.49±0.50)。两眼平均视力无显著性差异(P>0.05)。盲和低视力的发生率分别为5.9%和10.3%。53例验光者视力不变的10例(18.9%),43例(81.1%)视力提高1～5(平均3)行,自身对照t检验差异极显著(P<0.01)。所有老人均表现有眼睑下垂、角膜类脂环、眼底动脉硬化、老花眼等老年性眼部变化。平均每位老人患有2.4(2～7)种眼病和7.6(3～11)种全身主要脏器病变。对视力产生最普遍影响的因素是屈光不正,诸多眼病中白内障发病居首位,而影响视力最严重的眼病主要是黄斑病变和各种原因所致的视神经萎缩等。结论:长寿老人的增龄性视力减退更显著,盲和低视力的发生率更高。其原因既有衰老退化因素,又有与老年人常见眼病和屈光不正的影响。AIM： To investigate the vision and eye condition of the Iongevous aging over 90 years and to analyze the impact factors. METHODS： The visual acuity of 135 Iongevous cases was examined by Snellen chart. The outer eye, anterior segment, fundus and intraocular pressure were examined by slit lamp, funduscope and non-contact tonometer. Some related examinations were adopted on suspective cases. The refractive errors were corrected in 53 cases who were cooperative to examine. Data were analyzed by the SPSS 1.0 software for the mean and t-test. RESULTS： Except 4 senile dementia cases, the vision among 262 eyes of 131 cases were 〈0.01 in 22 eyes and ≥0.01 in other 240 eyes. The vision of OD was 0.01-1.0, average （0.46±0.50）, of OS was 0.03-1.0, average （0.49±0.50）. There was no significant difference in the average vision of both eyes （P〉0.05）. The blindness and low vision rate were 5.9% and 10.3% respectively. The corrected refractive vision was not improved in 10 cases （18.9%） of 53 cases, improved 1-5 lines （average 3 lines） in 43 cases （81.1%）. There was obvious difference in t-test in self compare （P〈0.01）. All the elder had senile eye changes such as ptosis, corneal arena, fundus arterosclerosis, presbyopia, etc. On average, every elder had 2.4 kinds （2-7 kinds） of eye diseases and 7.6 kinds （3-11 kinds） of general organ diseases. The common factor influencing the vision was refractive error. Cataract was the most common eye disease, but the macular disease and optic nerve atrophy were the eye disease which hampered the vision most. CONCLUSION： The decreased vision due to the age is more obvious in the Iongevous population, with high incidence of blindness and low visual acuity. Agerealated degeneration, common eye disease and the refractive error are the main causes of the decreased vision.

关 键 词：长寿老人 视力 眼部状况 长寿老人 视力状况 眼部情况 老年性痴呆患者 老干部 非接触眼压计 国际标准视力表 平均视力 眼底动脉硬化 

分 类 号：R77[医药卫生—眼科]