民国晚期工商团体的法律规制与行政控制——以津冀为中心的考察  

Law Systems and Administrative Control on the Organization of Industry and Commerce in Republic of China(1929-1949) in Late——An investigation centered around Tianjin and Hebei

作　　者：窦竹君[1] 胡延广[1] 

机构地区：[1]石家庄铁道学院人文分院,河北石家庄050043

出　　处：《河北法学》2005年第12期130-136,共7页Hebei Law Science

摘　　要：以“业必归会”为原则,民国晚期已经形成工业会和工业同业公会、商会和商业同业公会、矿业会分治的较为完善的工商团体法律体系。各种具体法律制度也臻于完善,工商团体的任务、宗旨、性质、会员、组织机构、会议、会计及清算等均有明确法律规定。在行政控制上,政府主要通过指导和监督来实现。其主要手段是检核报备材料、敦促工商团体成立、回复提案以及催缴欠费。在行政控制中,工商团体并非完全处于被动状态,他们往往借助于政府权力实现其目的,二者之间实际上形成了一种互动。正是这种互动和完善法律体系的存在,为工商团体发挥作用提供必要的环境。On the principle that“enterprises must be under control of associations”, the law system of Industrial ＆ Commercial organization was established respectively for the associations of industry, commerce ,mine as well as for their associations during the late years of the Republic of China（ 1929 - 1949）. There were specific law regulations for Industrial ＆ Commercial organization concerning about its purpose, task, nature, membership, conference as well as accountancy, constitution and account-clearing and different kinds of law systems came to be perfected. The administrative control of the government was conducted mainly by guidance and supervision, whose main measures were to inspect the submitted material, urge the establishment of industrial and commercial associations, answer the motions and press for tile arrears. The relationship between industrial and commercial organizations and government was not totally passive but an interactive one in the course of the administrative control as, with the help of government authority, the associations could achieve their goals. It is the existence of the interactive and perfect law system that provide the necessary environment for the functioning of the industrial and commercial associations.

关 键 词：工商团体 商会 工业会 工业同业公会 商业同业公会 法律规制 行政控制 

分 类 号：DF391[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]