历史学的课题:可能之事  

Theme of Historiography: Something Possible

作　　者：吕和应[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史系 [2]邮编:200433

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2005年第4期110-121,共12页Historiography Bimonthly

摘　　要：在实际的历史写作中,部分历史学家运用反事实的方法,探究历史上的可能之事。无独有偶,海德格尔的主张也与此相似,他认为历史学的主要课题不是特殊的个体事件,也不是超乎个体事件的普遍规律,而是曾在的生存可能性。这两种观点不是为了探究历史上不曾发生过的事态,而是借此重新规定历史学的题材、性质和写作方式。但是,反事实研究所谓的可能性主要是指现成事物的偶或可能性,而海德格尔所谓的生存论上的可能性则是指此在的某种生存方式,两种可能性有着根本区别。Some historians, in historical practice, apply counterfactual method to inquire something possible in history. M. Heidegger also had a similar idea. He thought the theme of historiography is neither the special event which happened just once, nor the universal law beyond the special event, but the possibility has been existent. These two points are not to inquire something has not happened in history, but to reset the theme, character and method of historical writing. However, the possibility of counterfactual study mainly indicates the accident and possibility of ready beings. The possibility of the subsistence of Heidegger indicates the special form survival which is being in history. It means the two possibilities are totally different.

关 键 词：历史学 写作方式 批判意识 客观存在性 课题设置 

分 类 号：K0[历史地理—历史学]