恐怖症来访者心理咨询个案报告  

Psychological counseling of a client with phobia: A case report

作　　者：李英[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学学生工作部大学生心理健康教研室,黑龙江省哈尔滨市150086

出　　处：《中国临床康复》2005年第40期1-3,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation

摘　　要：目的:通过对1例恐怖症患者心理咨询的个案观察,分析造成恐怖症状的原因,探讨矫治恐怖症的方法和步骤,为心理咨询及学校心理健康教育提供借鉴。方法:于2004-03/05在哈尔滨市医科大学大学生心理咨询室进行咨询的恐怖症女患者1例,根据来访者的实际情况采用观察法、谈话法、认知疗法及行为疗法等方法对来访者进行心理咨询和心理辅导。观察法:对来访者的衣着、表情、行为等进行观察,并对观察结果进行分析,判断来访者心理状态和咨询效果的方法。谈话法:通过语言交谈、了解来访者心理状态及心理发展过程并予以心理咨询、干预的过程和方法。认知疗法:通过改变人的认知过程并通过这一过程中所产生的正确观念来纠正其适应不良的情绪或行为的心理咨询和心理治疗方法。行为疗法:通过对外在行为或可具体描述的心理状态的观察,采用条件反射、操作条件反射和社会学习理论,按具体的操作步骤,逐渐纠正或消除来访者的不良行为和感受,建立新的行为反应,从而改善非功能性或非适应性的心理和行为的心理咨询方法。根据来访者接触恐惧对象时恐惧程度和回避程度的减轻程度判断好转情况,消失则为治愈。结果:①来访者通过自我认识及反馈,对自己的人格缺陷及恐惧心理产生的原因有了明确的认识,消除了对鼠的恐惧心理,纠正了对医学实验的回避行为,对未来的大学学习生活充满信心。②心理咨询师观察和评估认为,在经过了系统的心理治疗后,来访者已经改变错误认知,正确面对恐惧心理,自觉纠正不正确的回避行为,主动接受训练,恢复了正常的学习、生活状态。结论:个体的生活经历和个性特征是导致恐怖症的主要原因,心理咨询师针对来访者的生活经历、个性特点、症状表现,采用认知、行为疗法可以改变其错误的认知模式,增强心理素�AIM： To analyze the causes for phobia symptoms and investigate the methods and procedure for correcting and treating phobia by observing one patient with phobia, so as to provide reference for the psychological counseling and mental health education of school. METHODS： One female patient with phobia visited the Department of Mental Health for University Students of Harbin Medical University between March and May 2004. Psychological counseling and guidance were given by means of observation, talking, cognitive therapy and behavior therapy according to the actual condition of the client. Observation method： The clothing, facial expression and behavior were observed, and the results were analyzed to judge the psychological state of the client and the method of counseling effect. Talking method： The mental state and development were known by talking to give psychological counseling and interventions. Cognitive therapy： It was the psychological counseling and psychotherapy for correcting the adverse emotion and behavior by changing the cognitive process and the correct idea produced during it. Behavior therapy： It was a psychological counseling method for ameliorating the non-functional or non-adaptive psy chology and behavior through observing external behavior or descriptive psychological state by conditioned reflex, performance conditioned reflex and social learning theory according to specific operation procedure to gradually correct or eliminate the adverse behavior and feeling of the client and establish new behavioral reaction. The condition of turning better was judged by the relieved degree of the fearing and avoidance severity when the client approached to the fear object. RESULTS： ① By the self-cognitlon and feedback, the client clearly knew the reason for the oceurrence of her personality deficit and phobic psychology, eliminated the fear to rats, corrected the avoidance of medical experiment, and became full of confidence for the university study and living in the future. ② The psycholog

关 键 词：心理疗法/方法 恐怖症/治疗 恐怖症/病因学 学生 

分 类 号：R749.74[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]