南方季节性缺水河流生态环境需水量计算方法  

Quantitative approach for calculating ecological water requirement of seasonal water-deficient rivers

作　　者：阳书敏[1] 邵东国[1] 沈新平[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《水利学报》2005年第11期1341-1346,共6页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2003CB415206);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(04JZD0011)

摘　　要：本文针对我国南方季节性缺水河流,提出了一种以生化需氧量BOD和溶解氧DO为计算指标的BOD-DO水质数学模型法,由以下四步构成:(1)由Thomas水质数学模型推导得到BOD和DO沿流程演化的数学解析式;(2)建立综合点源和面源污染条件下的全流程水质—水量耦合关系模型;(3)划分河流断面并设定相应的生态环境功能,设计段首控制法和段末控制法;(4)建立水量平衡和水质约束的控制方程组,进而计算生态环境水量。最后,对汉江中下游干流这一典型的季节性缺水实例进行了研究,证明本文方法是可行的。A quantitative approach for calculating ecological water requirement of seasonal water-deficient rivers based on the water quality indexes BOD and DO is proposed. The calculation approach composed of four steps： 1. deducing the analytical expression describing the evolution of the BOD and DO in the flow path according to the Thomas model for describing water quality; 2. establishing the water quality-water volume relationship model referring to the given point source pollution and non-point source pollution; 3. designating the cross sections of river and setting their corresponding ecological environmental function; 4. establishing the control equation sets of water balance and constraint condition of water quality. Thus the ecological water requirement can be calculated accordingly. The proposed method is applied to investigate the water requirement in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River to predict the occurrence possibility of water-blooms. The result shows the method is feasible.

关 键 词：生态环境需水量 水质数学模型 面源污染 汉江中下游 水华 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]