不同硼水平对固始鸡胸腺胚后发育的影响  

Effect of different level of boron on post embryonic development of thymus in Gushi chickens

作　　者：顾有方[1] 王珏[1] 李升和[1] 商常发[1] 陈会良[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽科技学院动物科学学院,安徽凤阳233100

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2005年第4期85-89,共5页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：安徽省优秀青年科技基金资助项目(200106)

摘　　要：将240只1日龄固始鸡随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组,常规饲养,分别在饮水中添加0、100、200、400 mg·L-1硼.试验期6周,每周每组取鸡10只,扑杀,取胸腺,称重,制作切片并观察.结果显示:Ⅱ组鸡胸腺重(TW)及胸腺/体重(TW/BW)1～3周低于或等于Ⅰ组(对照组),4～6周高于或显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);Ⅲ组鸡TW低于对照组,TW/BW前3周低于对照组,4～6周高于对照组,但差异均不显著;Ⅳ组鸡TW和TW/BW显著(P＜0.05)或极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01).1～2周龄Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组鸡胸腺组织结构可见不同程度的退化现象,并与硼的添加量呈正相关,其中Ⅳ组胸腺组织结构明显萎缩,间质显著增多,实质急剧退化,胸腺细胞急剧减少或空竭,胸腺小体增多、增大,胸腺发育严重不良;3周龄起,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组鸡和Ⅳ组大多数鸡胸腺发育开始恢复,此时硼对胸腺发育的促进作用与添加量呈负相关,其中Ⅱ组的促进作用最为明显.上述结果表明,饮水中添加100 mg·L-1硼对2～6周龄固始鸡的生长发育和胸腺发育具有明显促进作用,而高硼(饮水中硼含量高于200 mg·L-1)对固始鸡的生长发育及胸腺的发育,尤其是胸腺的早期发育,有明显的抑制或毒性作用.A total of 240 one day-old Gushi chickens were randomly divided into Ⅰ ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ,Ⅳ groups, and watered supplemented with 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg·L^-1 boron. Ten chickens in each group were slaughtered at each weekend. Thymus was obtained, weighted, made into paraffin section and observed with microscope. The results were as follows ： （ 1 ） Compared with control group, thymus weight （TW）, thymus weight and body weight ratios （TW/BW） of chickens in Group Ⅱ decreased significantly （P 〈 0. 05 ） at 1 - 3 week-age, and were higher or increased obviously （ P 〈 0. 05 ） at 4 - 6 week-age ; TW of Group In exhibited significant decrease and TW/BW showed higher at 1 -3 week, and lower at 4 -6 week; TW and TW/BW of Group Ⅳ were different （P 〈0. 05） or significantly different （P 〈0.01）. （2） At 1, 2 week-age, the thymus structure of Group Ⅱ, In, Ⅳ presented varying degrees degeneration, and thymus Structure of Group Ⅳ atrophied obviously, interstitial substance of thymus increased evidently, parenchyma of thymus degenerated distinctly, thymocyte decreased or destituted sharply, thymic corpuscle increased and expanded. The thymas development of chickens in Group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ began to recover from 3 week-age, promoted effect of boron on thymus development was negative relationship with the supplemented capacity, and promoted effect of boron on thymus development of Group Ⅱ was obvious. The results showed that the drinking water supplemented with 100 mg·L^-1 boron could obvious promote thymus development of chicken at 2 - 6 week-age. The higher boron （ exceed 200 mg·L^-1 ） inhibition and toxicity on the growth and the thymus development, especially on the early development of thymus.

关 键 词：硼 固始鸡 胸腺 发育 组织结构 

分 类 号：S856.9[农业科学—临床兽医学]