论《文选》“对问”体——兼论先秦问对体式的发展历程  

ON THE DIALOG STYLE IN WEN XUAN

作　　者：李乃龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学中文系,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《广西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2005年第4期84-89,共6页Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"<文选>分类研究"(01BZW015)

摘　　要：《文选》选文,有“对问”一类。问对作为人际语言交际的基本形式,由来已久;卜辞是人神问对,旨是决疑;《尚书》是君臣问对,旨在择贤;《论语》是师徒问对,旨在问道;《孟子》是君士问对,旨在问难;《庄子》是人物、物物问对,旨在说理。对问体在以专论为特色的第三阶段诸子散文消失,转移到以《战国策》为代表的史传散文中,《战国策》也是君士问对,旨在问计。对问作为文体是作为手法的问对句型发展而来,其基本特征是设词见志,抒发郁陶之情。宋玉《对楚王问》作为对问体的唯一代表,从问对内容上确立了文体范式,是北方文化与楚文化的结晶,成为骈赋尤其是设论体的直接渊薮。There are dialogs among the selected readings in Wen Xuan. Dialog has a fairly long history as a basic form of communication. An oracle is a dialog between man and god, aiming to resolve doubts ; Shang Shu is a dialog between a monarch and his ministers, aiming to choose talented people; Lun Yu is a dialog between a teacher and his pupils, aiming to ask for advice ; Meng Zi is a dialog between a sovereign and his subjects, aiming to ask about problems; and Zhuang Zi is a dialog between man and thing, or between thing and thing, aiming to reason. Zhan Guo Ce is also a dialog between a sovereign and his subjects, aiming to inquire about ideas. Lyrical dialog has developed from the interrogative sentence pattern characterized by arousing sentiments. Song Yu＇s Dui Chu Wang Wen, a representative of the dialog style, set a stylistic model for the contents of a dialog, crystallizing the Northern culture and the Chu State culture and serving as a direct source for the “Bing Fu” style.

关 键 词：《文选》 问对 对问 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]