优秀短距离自行车运动员无氧代谢能力特征研究  

Study on Characteristic of Anaerobic Metabolic Capacity of Elite Sprint Cyclists

作　　者：李之俊[1] 苟波[2] 高炳宏[1] 严金慧[1] 张勇[2] 刘茂 马国强[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市体育科学研究所,上海200030 [2]上海体育学院运动科学系,上海200438 [3]上海运动技术学院,上海201100

出　　处：《体育科学》2005年第12期28-31,共4页China Sport Science

基　　金：上海市科委重大科技攻关项目(03DZ12003)。

摘　　要：目的:比较不同性别和训练水平运动员无氧能力的差异,探讨短距离自行车运动员高能磷酸原供能、糖酵解供能和混合无氧供能能力的特征。方法:对16名优秀短距离自行车运动员进行10s(女)、15s(男)、30s和60s的无氧功测定,测定运动后即刻、运动后3min恢复心率和血乳酸。结果:1)磷酸原代谢能力表现出明显的性别差异,男运动员最大功率、相对最大功率、平均功率、相对平均功率、最大圈数都明显高于女运动员;2)30s和60s两种测试中,运动员爆发力表现出相同水平,但糖酵解代谢持续供能能力随运动时间的延长而明显下降;3)男子优秀运动员组15s无氧功最大功率、平均功率明显高于普通组。男、女最大圈数大于普通组,达到最大圈数时间小于或等于普通组;4)男子优秀组运动员30s、60s平均功率高于普通运动员组。女子优秀运动员组30s、60s平均功率、最大圈数明显高于普通运动员组,60s最大功率明显高于普通运动员组(P<0.05)。结论:1)优秀短距离自行车运动员具有较强的磷酸原代谢能力,男运动员明显强于女运动员;2)较强的糖酵解代谢能力是短距离自行车运动员无氧代谢能力的特征;3)评定磷酸原系统能力时,男、女运动员都使用10s无氧功测试为好;4)不同水平运动员的无氧代谢能力表现出明显差异,优秀运动员组强于普通运动员组。Abstract：Through comparing the difference of anaerobic capacity of different gender and training level of cyclists, this paper discusses the characteristic of energy supply of phosphate,glycolysis and anaerobic metabolism of sprint cyclists. 16 elite sprint cyclists （8 male and 8 female） performance 10s, 15s 30s and 60s anaerobic power test on MONARK 839 E ergometer respectively. Blood lactate and recovery heart rate were measured by Polar heart rate monitor right after exercise and 3min after exercise. The result shows that there is significant difference in phosphate energy supply,relative maximal power,mean power and relative mean power between genders. Similar peak power output was observed during the test of 30s and 60s. However,the glycolytic energy supply significant decreased as the exercise time increase. There were significant higher in maximal power and mean power of elite male cyclist group than ordinary group during 15s test. The maximal flywheel counts of both male and female elite cyclists were higher than that of ordinary group. Mean power was greater during the 30s and 60s test in male elite cyclists comparing with ordinary cyclists. It concludes that elite sprint cyclists has better phosphate metabolic capacity,male cyclist is higher than female cyclists. The stronger glycolytic energy supply is the character of cyclist＇s anaerobic metabolic capacity. The 10s anaerobic power test is suitable for evaluating the phosphate energy supply for both male and female cyclists. There is significant difference in anaerobic metabolic capacity for different level cyclists. Elite cyclists are better than ordinary cyclists.

关 键 词：自行车 短距离 优秀运动员 无氧代谢 特征 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]