上海市凤眼莲种群的时空分布及控制对策  

Spatial and temporal distribution of water hyacinth population in Shanghai and its control methods.

作　　者：金 王晓娟[1,2] 高雷[4] 董慧琴[4] 李博[4] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院 [2]甘肃省草原生态研究所,兰州730020 [3]复旦大学生物多样性与 [4]复旦大学生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室生物多样性研究所

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2005年第12期1454-1458,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30170155);上海市科委资助项目(02DZ12071);兰州大学引进人才资助项目(582403)。

摘　　要：凤眼莲是上海市水体中危害最严重的入侵种之一.本研究调查了上海市及所辖各区县凤眼莲种群的分布现状,结果表明,凤眼莲在各区县水体中分布不均,以与江、浙两省相接的区县危害最严重.河道内其它水生植物的分布是凤眼莲固着生长的主要机制,这些植物主要为:喜旱莲子草、菰、芦苇、牛筋草、千金子等.凤眼莲的种群爆发规律:每年3～5月为萌芽阶段,7月下旬为爆发起始时期,8月中下旬至12月上旬为爆发的高峰期,12月下旬开始枯萎死亡,但其腋芽能够存活越冬,是来年爆发的种源.上游漂移而来的凤眼莲是种群爆发的另一因素.有鉴于此,提出其控制措施:①最佳打捞季节为12月～翌年6月,以去除种源为目标;②加强与周边省份的协调合作;③开展生物防治的研究;④清理河道内及堤岸上的水生杂草.以上措施的综合施用是控制上海市凤眼莲的有力保障.Water hyacinth （Eichhornia crassipes ） is a notorious invasive species in the water bodies of Shanghai, the biggest city of China. The study in Shanghai and its administrative districts from July 2002 to December 2003 showed that the distribution of water hyacinth population was disproportional, the most in Qingpu, Jinshan, Songjiang and Jiading, medium in Fengxian, Nanhui and Baoshan, and least in Pudong, Chongming and urban districts. The population dynamics of E. crassipes was significantly correlated with water quality and with other hydrophytes lived together, and thus, the effective control methods should be integrative, i. e., under the coordination with Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces, control other hydrophytes, decrease river pollutants, and salvage the clones of water hyacinth from December to next June.

关 键 词：凤眼莲 上海 种群 时空分布 生物防治 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]