沉性大卵径鱼卵的观察方法与虹鳟的胚胎发育  

The Observation Method of Sinkable and Large Diameter Egg and the Embryonic Development of Oncorhyncus mykiss

作　　者：黄金善[1] 范兆廷[1] 贾忠贺[2] 李永发[2] 徐革峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水产养殖系,哈尔滨150030 [2]中国水产科学研究院冷水性鱼类增养殖重点开放实验室,哈尔滨150070

出　　处：《经济动物学报》2005年第4期235-238,共4页Journal of Economic Animal

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院冷水性鱼类生理生态开放实验室资助

摘　　要：虹鳟等冷水性鱼类产沉性卵,由于卵膜较厚,不作特殊处理,肉眼无法直接观察其胚胎发育的过程.该研究分别采用0.6%～1.0%胰蛋白酶酶解透明、透明液处理和5%甲醛固定剥膜的方法对虹鳟的受精卵进行处理,在显微镜下比较3种处理方法并对虹鳟胚胎发育进行观察.结果表明,用胰蛋白醇适度处理以后,卵膜呈透明状态,可以用显微镜清楚的观察到各个发育时期;用透明液处理以后,卵膜仍然较厚,在发眼前期,仅可观察到胚胎的大致发育时期,发眼期以后,虽然可以观察到每一个发育时相,但效果较差;采用甲醛固定后卵膜及卵内物质变性,胚胎固化形态稳定,发育时相得以固定,机械去除卵膜以后,各发育时相清晰可见,进而可以深入研究其胚胎发育.通过对甲醛固定以后的胚胎观察,可以将虹鳟的胚胎发育分为囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、眼球色素出现期和循环期等21个时期.It could not be observed directly that the embryonic developmental stages of cold-water fishes as the sinkable and crassus membrane In this study, the eggs were treated by 0.6% - 1.0% trypsin, 5 % formaldehyde and the transparent fluid respectively. These three treating methods to the embryo have been compared. The egg membrane that was treated by 0.6% - 1.0% trypsin is hyaline and each developmental stage can be observed distinctly in microscope. The egg membrane which was treated by the transparent fluid was still crassus, and the result of observation was not good before eyeball pigment stage. When eggs was treated by 5 % formaldehyde, the membrane and inner material were degenerative, each developmental stage can be observed distinctly after the egg membrane was shelled for deep study. Through the third method the developmental stage characteristics of rainbow trout were described and illustrated.

关 键 词：虹鳟 卵膜处理 甲醛 胚胎发育 

分 类 号：S965.122[农业科学—水产养殖]