稻田气体调节功能形成机制及其累积过程  

Forming mechanisms and accumulating processes of gas regulation by rice paddy ecosystems

作　　者：肖玉[1] 谢高地[1] 鲁春霞[1] 吕耀[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《生态学报》2005年第12期3282-3288,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30370258和30230090);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目(KZCX3-SW-333)~~

摘　　要：生态系统服务功能在维持人类生存和发展的环境过程中发挥着重要的作用,研究生态系统服务功能形成机制以及人类活动的干扰如何影响生态系统功能和服务的实现是今后生态系统服务功能研究的一个重点。选取上海市奉贤县五四农场的一块农田生态系统,研究其气体调节功能形成和累积过程,同时研究人类干扰(施氮肥)对农田气体调节功能的影响。研究结果显示,施肥量对稻田气体调节功能形成和累积过程以及价值累积过程产生较大影响。在所有施肥处理中,施肥量最高的N 4处理提供最高的气体调节功能价值,为1.98×104yuan.hm-2。因此通过微观实验可以研究生态系统服务功能形成机制和累积过程,并可研究人类干扰造成生态系统服务功能物质量和价值量的变化。Natural ecosystems provide great benefits to human societies. However, maintaining ecosystem services will require a considerably better understanding of the natural patterns and processes that sustain them. Therefore, the study of the mechanisms of ecosystem services and the effects of human activities on these mechanisms will be one of the most important areas in ecosystem services research. At present, most of the studies on the monetary values of ecosystem services are carried out on the farm, region or country scales. In this study, in order to measure the forming mechanisms and processes of ecosystem services, the authors conducted a detailed valuation study of ecosystem services in a rice paddy field. This study was based on the results of field experiments in Wusi Farm of Shanghai. The authors examined the fluxes of CH4 and N2O and rice biomass. According to a photosynthesis equation, the authors calculated the quantity of net O2 emission by subtracting O2 consumption by plant respiration from the total O2 emission and the net CO2 fixation by subtracting CO2 emission hy plant respiration from the total CO2 fixation in the paddy fields. The CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and the paddy fields was calculated with the net CO2 fixation subtracted by CO2 emission by organisms in the paddy soil. Afterwards, monetary values of gas regulation by the paddy fields were estimated with the average of the cost of afforestation and the price of industrial O2. Due to Global Warming Potentials （GWP） of the different Greenhouse Gases （GHGs）, the authors transformed CH4 and N2O into CO2 equivalents. Thus, the monetary values of CH4 and N2O emission can be evaluated with the average of the cost of afforestation and the Sweden Carbon Tax. With respect to physical values, the results indicated that： the daily emission of CH4 is positively related to biomass production; the daily emission of N2O is largely related to N fertilization; and the daily O2 emission and COs absorption change linearly with biomass prod

关 键 词：稻田生态系统 生态系统服务功能 温室气体 气体调节 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]