隆线夏卵胚胎发育过程中形态及蛋白质、氨基酸组成和含量的变化  

Morphology and composition and content of proteins and amino acids of the parthenogenetic egg of Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) carinata during the embryonic development

作　　者：张明凤[1] 赵云龙[2] 赵艳民[2] 樊玉杰[2] 曾错[2] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学生物工程学院,福建福州350007 [2]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《水产学报》2005年第6期783-790,共8页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：高等学校博士点基金(20010269002)

摘　　要：系统观察了隆线夏卵的胚胎发育。根据胚胎外部形态学特征,将其胚胎发育分为卵期、长胚期、双复眼期和单复眼期四个主要时期,并采用生物化学方法测定和分析了隆线夏卵胚胎发育过程中蛋白质和氨基酸的组成和含量。实验得知,可溶性蛋白和氨基酸含量的变化趋势与隆线夏卵胚胎发育的特征密切相关,卵期可溶性蛋白和氨基酸含量呈下降趋势,而长胚期略有上升,但从双复眼期至胚胎准备孵化期间又持续下降。随着隆线夏卵胚胎的发育,可溶性蛋白的组成由大分子量的蛋白向小分子量的蛋白转化;在所有的氨基酸中谷氨酸的含量最高,必需氨基酸中亮氨酸的含量最高。结果表明,蛋白质和氨基酸是隆线胚胎发育过程中的主要营养物质,不仅用于胚胎发育组织和器官的构建,而且为胚胎发育提供能量。Morphological characteristics of the parthenogentic egg of Daphnia （ Ctenodaphnia ） carinata during the embryonic development were studied. At 26℃, the embryonic development took 31 h, including 11 h for the egg stage, 8 h for the long embryo stage, 9 h for the double compound eyes stage and 3 h for the single compound eye stage. Each stage was divided into several sub-stages according to the characteristics during the embryonic development. Therefore, the embryonic development could be divided into eight stages, each of which would be described in detail. At the egg stage, the egg was just spawned from the female＇s ovary, then began to grow up quickly and its inner appearance changed gradually from translucent to transparent, Seven hours later distinct vitelline granules occurred in the egg. At the long embryo stage, the embryo became elongated anteroposteriorly, The egg membrane was cast off. The vitelline granules extended into the cephalic region and all rudiments formed. At the double compound eyes stage, the embryo further elongated with a distinct head, Two pink patches and a brown dot were observed in the head which represented the paired eyes and the oceellus, respectively. The limb rudiments could be seen on the ventral margin of the embryo. At the single compound eye stage, the embryo reached maximum elongation with the eyes becoming dark in color and paired eyes finally fused. The development of the alimentary canal was complete. Trunk appendages became distinct. The juveniles then emerged from the brood pouch. The composition and content of proteins and amino acids during the embryonic development were also measured and analyzed. The results showed the content of soluble proteins decreased during the embryonic development even though it slightly increased at the long embryo stage. The composition of soluble protein changed from the big molecular weight to small molecular weight. Seventeen amino acids during the embryonic development were measured, including 7 essential acids, 8 non-essential

关 键 词：隆线涵 胚胎发育 蛋白质 氨基酸 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]