“羹”、“汤”辨考  

Comments on Wang Li's Theory of Geng and Tang

作　　者：黄金贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学汉语史研究中心,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《湖州师范学院学报》2005年第6期1-7,共7页Journal of Huzhou University

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大资助项目(02JAZJD740018)

摘　　要：古汉语中“羹”与“汤”现在多据王力说,释“羹”为浓汁食物;凭一个“羹汤”例,定唐代“羹”变为菜汤义,“汤”引申出菜汤义。也有以为一物异名、同词假借,至今混乱不清。考察羹的性质和特征可知,羹是熬煮的调味浓汤或薄糊状主菜,“羹”从未产生菜汤义,只是至元代浓汤类划出羹。而菜汤姗姗来迟。唐宋时文献中的“羹汤”实指汤(热水)制的羹,不可误为菜汤义的同义连用。“汤”经药剂、保健汤、茶汤等义到元代才引申出菜汤义,但所指实是浓汤类羹;至明代“汤”才成为菜汤通称;至清代逐渐有取代羹成为餐食主菜的趋势。Wang Li declared emphatically that at the beginning of ancient times, geng （羹） was a kind of meat with much juice, but not soup. In the Tang Dynasty, the meaning ofgeng was evolved into ＂soup＂, and tang （羹）also got the meaning ＂soup＂. Now all the Chinese books and dictionaries concerning the two words follow his theory, which we think is not true and his process of proof was apost hoc fallacy. In fact, at the beginninggeng was not soup, so it could not be explained as a kind of meat with much juice. By analyzing the characteristics ofgeng we know that in ancient times geng was a kind of thick soup, i. e. a kind of seasoning or a main food. In the Tang Dynasty, gengtang was a kind of thick soup made of hot water, but not soup of a course of dish. Geng has never got the meaning ＂soup of a course of dish＂. Tang got the meaning ＂hot water＂, soup of medicine and soup of health protection. It did not get the meaning ＂soup of a course of dish＂ until the Yuan Dynasty. This soup was also very thick. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it became a kind of main food, which was known as soup.

关 键 词：羹 汤 羹汤 王力 菜汤义 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语]