河姆渡文化“耜耕农业”说质疑  

A Query on Si Agriculture in Hemudu Culture

作　　者：蔡保全[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学历史系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2006年第1期49-55,共7页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40471012)

摘　　要：骨耜的真正用途是认定河姆渡文化稻作农业发展阶段的关键,考古发掘新证据说明骨耜用来深掘灰坑和柱洞,它与干栏式建筑密不可分。生物学分析表明栽培稻是野生稻的一个亚种,栽培稻内的籼稻和粳稻之分不是亚种间的差别,而是气候生态型的差异;出现籼、粳和普通野稻组合是原始栽培稻的体现。前人夸大了河姆渡文化的稻谷数量,缺乏收割和加工谷物工具也是稻谷作为食物所占比例较小的反映。稻作不是河姆渡文化主要经济形态,定居的前提不一定以农业为主。这些观点动摇了河姆渡文化“耜耕农业”发展阶段说。The use of si,i. e. the bone spade, is the key factor to determine the developing stage of rice planting of Hemudu culture . The new evidence of field archaeology indicates that the si was used to dig deep ash-plts and post holes and was thus closely related with pile-supported timber buildings. Biologically, the cultivated rice （Oryza sativa） is just a subspecies of Asian common wild rice（ Oryza rufipogon）. The division of indica and japonica cultivated rice is not the disparity of subspecies but the difference of weather-ecology type . The assemblage of indiea-japoniea cultivated rice with common wild rice in Hemudu site reflects the primitive character of cultivated rice. The paddy quantity of Hemudu site has been exaggerated so far and the lack of machine tools also reflects the less proportion of paddy used as food. Fishing, hunting, gathering and rice agriculture were actually equal in the economic position of Hemudu culture. As rice planting at the time was still at a primitive stage, agriculture was hardly the essential prerequisite of settlement. Therefore the theory of the development of si agriculture of Hemudu culture seems not well founded.

关 键 词：耜耕农业 河姆渡文化 考古学 

分 类 号：K871[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]