植物类胡萝卜素生物合成相关基因的表达调控及其在植物基因工程中的应用  

Expression and Regulation of Genes Related to Plant Carotenoid Biosynthesis and their Application in Plant Gene Engineering

作　　者：王玉萍[1] 刘庆昌[1] 翟红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农业部作物基因组学与遗传改良重点开放实验室,北京市作物遗传改良重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2006年第1期103-110,共8页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（30400286）;国家杰出青年科学基金（30225028）联合资助.

摘　　要：类胡萝卜素是人类饮食结构中不可缺少的重要成分,具有多种重要的保健功能,尤其是有些类胡萝卜素,如β-胡萝卜素是合成维生素A的前体,具有抗癌和提高免疫力等功效。类胡萝卜素还广泛用于医药和化妆品工业。迄今为止,自然界中发现的大多数类胡萝卜素都是微量的中间产物,很难直接利用。本文概述了高等植物类胡萝卜素生物合成途径、类胡萝卜素生物合成关键酶基因的克隆,如异戊烯焦磷酸异构酶、牻牛儿牻牛儿基焦磷酸合成酶、八氢番茄红素合成酶、八氢番茄红素脱氢酶、ζ-胡萝卜素脱氢酶、!-番茄红素环化酶、ε-番茄红素环化酶,并对这些关键酶基因的功能进行鉴定。以水稻、油菜、马铃薯和番茄为例,阐明了类胡萝卜素合成关键酶基因在植物基因工程中的应用。将黄水仙的Psy和Lcy-b以及噬夏孢欧文氏菌(Eriwiniauredovora)CrtI基因同时转入水稻,水稻种子内胚乳类胡萝卜素含量得到提高。另外,在油菜、马铃薯和番茄中转入与类胡萝卜素合成相关的基因,类胡萝卜素含量也发生不同程度的提高,基因表达水平也发生变化。阐述了通过基因操作技术只能得到极少量的类胡萝卜素,只有进一步弄清类胡萝卜素代谢途径,提高外源基因在植物中的特异表达,才能合成大量类胡萝卜素,使类胡萝卜素遗传操作技术成功运用于作物品质改良。Carotenoids are importantly nutritional composition in human diets and play an important role in human health, especially β-carotene has pro-vitamin A activity, anti-cancer activity, enhancing immune ability and so on. Carotenoids have many industrial applications in pharmaceutics and cosmetics. Many carotenoids, isolated and identified in nature, are intermediate products in trace amount, so it is very difficult to be used directly. This article briefly reviews carotenoids biosynthesis pathway, cloning of the related genes, IPP isomerase, GGPS, PSY, PDS, ZDS, LCYb and LCYe, and functions identification of these genes.in addition, the article clarifies application of genetic manipulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in rice, canola, potato and tomato. The rice is transformed with Psy and Lcy-b from daffodil and Crtl from Eriwinia uredovora, In transgenic rice endosperm, the accumulation of carotenoids is increased. Canola, potato and tomato are transformed with genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis, the carotenoids content is increased, expression of genes are changed.In order to synthesize carotenoids in large amount, carotenoids metabolic pathway is under clarification. It makes that the genetic manipulation of carotenoids will be successfully used in crop improvement.

关 键 词：类胡萝卜素 生物合成 基因工程 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]