西安市城区重点中学初中学生眼屈光状况的流行病学调查  

A cross-sectional study on dynamic refractive status of urban junior middle school students in Xi'an city

作　　者：石一宁[1] 曹文静[1] 何萍[1] 赵宏英[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国陕西省西安市中心医院眼科西安市中心医院视光学研究所,710004

出　　处：《国际眼科杂志》2005年第6期1273-1276,共4页International Eye Science

基　　金：中国陕西省西安市科技局社会发展基金资助项目(No.SF200319)~~

摘　　要：目的:对在校初中学生眼屈光情况进行调查,为青少年眼保健提供基础资料。方法:采用横断面调查设计,对初中学生2326人4652眼进行动态眼屈光状态指标采集,输入编辑的专项应用程序,用SPSS11.0软件行统计分析。结果:初中学生(年龄13～15岁)近视眼的发病率为89.4%,其中57.6%为低度近视,26.9%为中度近视,4.9%为高度近视;正视眼仅占6.9%,尚有3.7%为远视眼。中高度近视在初三年级明显升高,正视、远视在3a间递减。平均屈光度(-2.39±2.10)D,其中低度近视平均(-1.62±0.75)D,中度近视平均(-4.32±0.83)D,高度近视平均(-7.45±1.41)D。初一年级平均屈光度为(-1.57±1.66)D,初二(-1.94±2.04)D,初三(-3.26±2.09)D,组间有显著性差异(P=0.000)。女生平均屈光度(-2.54±2.12)D,大于男生(-2.24±2.06)D(P=0.000);低高近女生平均屈光度大于相应男生(P=0.010)。右眼平均屈光度(-2.47±2.05)D大于左眼(-2.31±2.14)D(P=0.009)。低近组右眼平均屈光度大于左眼(P=0.018)。结论:近视眼的构成比在初三年级发生了变化,近视眼的屈光度在初三年级有明显的增加,女生在近视进展期早于男生,女生右眼在近视进展期早于左眼。AIM： To abtain the basic data of eyes＇ refractive status, especially the myopia prevalence rate in middle school students in Xi＇an city. METHODS： The cross-sectional study was conducted among the students of two urban middle schools in Xi＇an City. The ophthalmic examinations were done on all participants, including non-cycloplegic objective refraction, visual acuity, ocular pressure and fundus evaluation, by specially trained ophthalmologists and nurses. The specially designed inventory scale was filled in and then was input into specific computer programme. The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS11.0. RESULTS：1.For the 2 326 junior middle school students, the average age of 13-15 years old, the prevalence rate of myopia was 89.4%, including low myopia 57.6%, moderate myopia 26.9%, high myopia 4.9%, emmetropia 6.9% and hypermetropia 3.7%. Among the students, numbers of students with moderate and high myopia increased significantly with the age. 2.The average diopter of spherical equivalent refraction was （-2.39±2.10）D, in which low myopia （-1.62±0.75）D, moderate myopia（-4. 32±0.83）D and high myopia（-7.45＋ 1.41）D. For the students at the 3 grades, the average refractive degree was （-1.57±1.66）D in Grade 1, （-1.94±2.04）D in Grade 2 and（-3.26±2.09）D in Grade 3, with significant differences （P=0.000）. 3.The myopia degree in girls and right eyes were significantly higher than those in boys （P=0.000） and left eyes（P=0.009）, respectively. CONCLUSION： The constituent of myopia definitely changes in the 3 grade, meanwhile the girls＇ and right eyes＇ progression are earlier than the boys＇ and left eyes＇, which indicates that interventions of myopia progression performed at this stage may retard the myopia progression and reduce the prevalence of myopia.

关 键 词：初中学生 屈光状态 等效球镜 近视眼患病率 流行病学 横断面调查 

分 类 号：R778[医药卫生—眼科]