老年人视力异常及增龄性眼病  

Subnormal vision and age specific eye diseases in the aged

作　　者：夏群[1] 郭小萍[1] 张伟[1] 张尧贞[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京医院眼科,北京市100730

出　　处：《眼科新进展》2006年第2期137-139,共3页Recent Advances in Ophthalmology

摘　　要：目的调查老年人日常生活视力及矫正视力,分析老年人视力异常原因及常见增龄性眼病。方法常规检查957例60岁及以上老年人的日常生活视力、眼前节、眼底和眼压。对日常生活视力<1.0的患者验光矫正视力。并对可疑眼病辅助相应的检查。采用SPSS1.0软件包进行统计。按年龄分组进行比较视力状况和眼病分析。结果957例老年人随增龄其生活视力逐渐下降,60岁组平均1.04,70岁组平均0.83,80岁组及≥90岁组分别为0.61和0.39;平均每增长10岁视力下降约0.2,各年龄组间差异有极显著性(P<0.001)。验光检查93.37%的眼有屈光不正。老年人常见眼病前3位的是白内障、黄斑病变和青光眼。白内障患病率最高,黄斑病变和青光眼是严重影响视力的主要眼病。高龄老年人眼病患病率显著高于其他年龄人群。结论老年人随增龄视力显著下降。屈光不正是视力损害的普遍原因。黄斑病变、白内障及青光眼等老年人常见眼病高龄老年人患病率显著增多。Objective To investigate the daily living vision and the corrected vision of the aged,and to analyze the reason of subnormal vision and the age specific eye diseases in the aged. Methods Nine hundred and fifty-seven peoples older than 60 years received routine ophthalmologic examinations including the daily living vision,anterior segment, fundus and intraocular pressure. The vision would be corrected if the daily living vision was less than 1.0. The cases who were suspected being with eye disease should receive some other relative examinations. The vision and eye diseases were grouped by age and analyzed using the statistical software SPSS 1.0. Results In the 957 aged people, the daily living vision and corrected vision decreased about 0.2 averagely with the increasing age of 10 years,and the difference was statistically significant（P 〈 0. 001 ）. The ratio of normal vision （≥1. 0） cases decreased too （P 〈 0. 001 ）. Among 1 914 examined eyes, there were 1 787 eyes （93.37%） with errors of refraction and 745 eyes （41.69%） without corrected glasses or with unsuitable glasses. The corrected vision increased one to six lines. The corrected vision more than 1.0 were in 971 cases （50. 75%） while the uncorrected vision more than 1.0 in 640 eyes （33.44%）. The three most common diseases in the aged were cataract, macular degeneration and glaucoma. Cataract had the higest morbidity rate, and macular degeneration and glucoma were the main diseases affecting vision. Conclusion The vision decreases with age increase. The most common reason for decreased vision is errors of refraction. In the aged people, the most co,ninon disease is cataract, but it affects vision slightly. Macular degeneration and glaucoma are the main eye diseases that causes severe vision disorder.

关 键 词：视力 屈光不正 增龄性眼病 

分 类 号：R778.1[医药卫生—眼科]