基因点突变所引发的除草剂的抗性问题  

Herbicide Resistance based on Altered Target Sites

作　　者：任雪玲[1] 吴超[2] 杨华铮[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院,天津300072 [2]南开大学元素有机化学研究所,天津300071

出　　处：《化学通报》2006年第1期9-15,共7页Chemistry

摘　　要：使用除草剂进行杂草防治是一种既有效又经济的手段,因此除草剂在现代农业发展中具有非常重要的作用。但是由于过度频繁使用一种除草剂或使用具有相同作用方式的同类除草剂,使得杂草抗性问题在世界范围内日益突出与严重,其中ALS和PSⅡ抗性生物型是主要的抗性生物型品种。由于许多除草剂是通过直接作用于植物中的生物酶而发生作用,因此,一旦生物酶的氨基酸序列发生突变将导致植物对特定除草剂产生抗性。本文将从生物化学和分子生物学的角度探讨由于基因突变所导致的除草剂抗性的发展。Modern agriculture cannot develop without the use of herbicides. People have relied heavily on herbicides to control weeds in an effective and economical way. As a result of repeated application of herbicides, highly resistant and intermediately resistant biotypes developed in previously wild-type populations throughout the world at a threatening pace. Because many herbicides destroy weeds by direct interaction with enzymes of plants, the genetic change involved amino acid substitution in functional protein confers resistance to certain inhibitors, Mutations for target site herbicide resistance could affect binding of individual, a combination of, even or all enzyme inhibitors. Thus far, most cases of herbicide resistance have involved alterations target site. ALq inhibitors resistant biotypes and PS Ⅱ resistant biotypes are the most prevailing resistant weeds. In this paper, herbicide resistance based on target site involved amino acid point mutation at the biochemical and/or molecular level is discussed.

关 键 词：除草剂 抗性 作用靶标 点突变 

分 类 号：TQ450.2[化学工程—农药化工]