痰液脱落细胞k-ras基因检测对肺癌诊断的临床价值  

Detection of the point mutation of k-ras gene in sputum sample and its diagnostic value for lung cancer

作　　者：施春花[1] 齐协飞[1] 饶纬华[1] 

机构地区：[1]南昌大学第二附属医院呼吸科南昌大学分子医学研究所,330006

出　　处：《国际呼吸杂志》2006年第2期89-91,共3页International Journal of Respiration

基　　金：江西省卫生厅重点招标项目

摘　　要：目的通过痰脱落细胞k-ras基因点突变的检测探讨其对肺癌诊断的临床应用价值。方法应用多聚合酶链反应结合限制性长度片段多态性分析法(PCR-RFLP),检测50例肺癌(其中腺癌22例,鳞癌24例,小细胞癌4例)和48例肺部良性疾病患者痰标本中k-ras基因第12密码子的突变情况,检测结果进行对比分析。结果k-ras基因在肺癌组的突变检出率为24.00%(12/50),非肺癌组突变检出率为2.08%(1/48),二者有显著性差异(P<0.01)。其中腺癌突变率40.90%(9/22),鳞癌突变率12.50%(3/24),小细胞癌未检出突变。在肺癌早期(Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期)中,k-ras基因突变明显高于肺良性病变组,且肺癌组中,吸烟者k-ras基因突变率34.48%(10/29)高于非吸烟者9.52%(2/21),两者有统计学差异(P<0.05)。k-ras基因突变与年龄、性别和临床分期无明显关系。结论k-ras基因突变与肺癌的发生存在一定的相关性,痰液脱落细胞中R-ras基因检测突变有助于肺癌的临床诊断,对早期诊断亦有一定的意义。Objective To investigate the point mutation of R-ras gene in sputum ceils of patients with lung cancer and benign pulmonary diseases and to evaluate its value on the clinical diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods Sputum samples from 50 cases of lung cancer （22 adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas,4 small cell lung cancers ）and 48 cases of benign pulmonary diseases were analyzed for the codon 12 of k ras mutation by using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP）. Results The mutation rate of 24.00% （12/50） in lung cancer group was significantly higher than that of 2.08% （1/48） in the control （ P 〈 0.01）, the difference was statistically significant. Among different lung cancers, k-ras alterations in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were found in 40.90 % （9/22） cases and 12.50% （3/24） cases respectively, no mutation of k-ras gene was detected in small cell carcinoma. In stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ lung cancer,the mutation rate of k-ras,which was 26.92% （7/26）, which was higher than that of 2.08 % （1/48） in benign pulmonary diseases （ P 〈0.01）. Moreover among the lung cancer cases, the mutation rate of kras in smoker（34.48 %, 10/29） was higher than that in non-smokers（9.25 %, 2/21）. The statistic analysis did not show any significant relationship between k-ras mutation and clinical parameters such as gender,age and stages. Conclusions The mutation of k-ras gene is correlative to the incidence of lung cancer to some extent. The detection of k-ras mutation in sputum ceils of patients may help the diagnosis of lung cancer and it is important for early diagnosis of lung cancer.

关 键 词：肺癌 K-RAS基因 痰脱落细胞 诊断 

分 类 号：R734.2[医药卫生—肿瘤]