短时间延迟条件下错误记忆的遗忘  

The Forgetting of False Memory after Short Time Delay

作　　者：杨治良[1] 周楚[2] 万璐璐[1] 谢锐[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学心理学系,上海200062 [2]复旦大学心理学系,上海200433

出　　处：《心理学报》2006年第1期1-6,共6页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(批准号为05BSH025)

摘　　要：在两个实验中,使用DRM范式考察了短时间延迟条件下错误记忆的遗忘效应。实验一发现对两种关键项目的错误再认均随着时间延迟(即时、半小时和1个小时)的增加而提高,而在将时间变量由实验一中的被试内设计变为实验二中的被试间设计后,发现对两种关键项目的错误再认随着时间而发生不同的变化,表现为对关键诱饵的错误再认保持稳定而对中关联词的错误再认依然有所提高。说明错误记忆很顽固,一旦产生便很难衰退,当消除了其他干扰因素的潜在影响后,即使是在很短暂的测验时间延迟条件下,它至少是保持稳定的,不会随着时间而发生减弱。此外还发现了关联性和测验情境与测验时间延迟之间的交互影响,表现为对关键诱饵的错误再认受测验时间延迟的影响较小,受测验情境的影响较大;而对中关联词的错误再认则受测验时间延迟的影响较大,受测验情境的影响较小。Using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott （DRM） paradigm, two experiments were conducted to investigate the forgetting trends of false memory after short time delay. In within-subject design, false-alarm rates of both critical lures and medium related lures increased with time （immediate, 1/2 hour, and one hour）. However, in between-subject design, false-alarm rates of critical lures didn＇t change with time. The results reveal that false memory could be steady at least if only forgetting takes place, but variable if some other disturbing processes like repeating false recognition in within-subject experiment are mixed with forgetting. Furthermore, the effect of test delay was combined with the effect of association and the test context. The results are discussed under source-monitorlng framework and activation-spread theory.

关 键 词：错误记忆 DRM范式 遗忘 关联性 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]