内隐记忆和外显记忆的脑机制分离:面孔再认的ERP研究  

Dissociations between Implicit and Explicit Memory: An ERP Study of Face Recognition

作　　者：孟迎芳[1] 郭春彦[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学心理系

出　　处：《心理学报》2006年第1期15-21,共7页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30170322;30570603);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20040028001)项目;国家攀登计划项目(95-专-09)资助

摘　　要：采用“学习-再认”实验范式探讨面孔领域的内隐记忆与外显记忆之间的关系。学习阶段采用选择性注意任务，让被试加工面孔上的字来控制对面孔的加工水平，再认阶段采用新旧判断，分析再认出旧面孔与新面孔（外显记忆），以及未再认出旧面孔与新面孔（内隐记忆）的ERPs差异。结果表明，在单一的再认过程中，外显记忆和内隐记忆的脑机制产生了分离，外显记忆从刺激后400ms开始，主要表现在前额区和额区，而内隐记忆主要表现在刺激后300—500ms的中央区和顶区。该结果与以往在词领域研究中得到的结果极为类似，表明两种记忆类型在各个刺激领域之间存在着共同性。The study adopted a ＂study-test＂ pattern to explore the relationship of implicit and explicit memory in face domain. In study phase, selective attention task is to processing a word superimposed on a face, so as to controlling the processing level of faces. In recognition phase, the task is old/new discrimination. We compared the ERPs produced by new faces with those produced by old faces that were misclassified by the subjects as new, which represents a neural correlate of implicit memory, and the ERPs produced by new faces with those produced by old faces that were classified as old, which represents a neural correlate of explicit memory. The results indicated that, the neural correlates of implicit and explicit memory have been dissociated within a singe task. Explicit memory effect was observed in ERPs from 400ms after stimulus onset, at prefrontal and frontal electrodes. Implicit memory effect was seen in ERPs at 300 - 500ms from central and parietal electrodes. Our results were similar to results that come from experiments on word, which support the issue that implicit memory and explicit memory have commonality between stimulus domains.

关 键 词：内隐记忆 外显记忆 选择性注意 事件相关电位 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]