免水冲生态厕所在坑道中的应用效果  

APPLICATION OF WATER-FREE TOILET IN TUNNEL

作　　者：古长庆[1] 李君文[1] 段惠丽[1] 宋农[1] 金敏[1] 晁福寰[1] 

机构地区：[1]军事医学科学院卫生学环境医学研究所,天津300050

出　　处：《解放军预防医学杂志》2006年第1期16-18,共3页Journal of Preventive Medicine of Chinese People's Liberation Army

基　　金：全军"十五"指令项目课题(No.01L026);天津科技攻关项目课题(No.0231807111)

摘　　要：目的 观察免水冲生态厕所在防空洞中处理粪尿的效果。方法 在某防空坑道中使用本研究室研制的免水冲生态厕所，观察11人在坑道内工作生活8d的使用情况。免水冲生态厕所由生物反应器（含复合生物制剂）、箱体、屋体等组成。定时检测混合料中的细菌总数、大肠菌群总数、pH值、温度和厕所内臭气等变化情况。结果 复合微生物制剂能够减少粪尿释放氨和硫化氢等臭气，降低粪尿中大肠杆菌的数量。在坑道8d中，免水冲生态厕所内部氨和硫化氢的浓度分别不高于0．6mg·L^-1和0．01mg·L^-1，臭气强度范围在0～2级。混合料中大肠杆菌总数第1天为6．3×105cfu·g^-1，第6天急剧下降为8．1×10^4cfu·g^-1，第8天下降为233 cfu·g^-1. 结论 此免水冲生态厕所具有节约用水、臭味较小、不需要清运粪尿等优点，是一种适合坑道使用的新型环保产品。Objective To study the effects of using water - free toilet in the tunnel. Methods Water - free toilct that we manufactured was used by 11 people living and working in a tunnel in Tianjin for 8 days. The toilet was composed of a bioreacter （containing compound microorganisms）, a case, and a closet. The total amount of bacteria, and Coliform, the pH value, temperature in the compound, and effluvia were determined every day. Results Compound microorganims could reduce the release of NH3 and H2S in the feces and urine, and also the quantity of coliform. The concentrations of NH3 and H2S in water - free toilet were not more than 0.6 mg· L^-1 and 0.01mg· L^-1 respectively in eight days. The stink ranged in 0 - 2 grade. The total number of Coliform on the first day was 6.3 × 10^5cfu·g^-1, but it was 8.1 × 10^5cfu·g^ the sixth d, 233cfu·g^-1on the eighth d. Conclusion The water-free toilet has many advantages, such as saveon water, bio - deodorization and no need to remove the excretion. It is a onew type product that is suitable to be used in tunnel.

关 键 词：免水冲生态厕所 坑道 复合微生物制剂 粪尿 臭气 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X705