秦岭川金丝猴的母系投入与生殖性别偏倚  

Maternal investment and birth sex ratio bias of the golden snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana in Qinling Mountains of China

作　　者：齐晓光[1,2] 李保国[1] 李银华[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学生命科学学院 [2]西北大学地质学系,西安710069 [3]陕西省自然博物馆,西安710061

出　　处：《动物学报》2006年第1期1-10,共10页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.30370202);教育部科学技术研究重点项目(No.204186);陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(No.05JK295);日本COSMO石油环境卡基金资助(No.20052009)~~

摘　　要：雌性灵长类为获得更高的投入收益比,会调整其对不同性别后代的母系投入策略,并主要表现为针对某一性别尽可能多的生育或对某一性别的幼崽付出更多的母系照顾。雄性质量模型(MaleQualityModel,MQ)和栖息地资源竞争模型(LocalResourceCompetitionModel,LRC)分别将这种现象发生的机制解释为物种对性选择压力和资源竞争压力的回应。本研究通过对一个秦岭川金丝猴群生育行为连续四年的观察,发现该种群新生雄性幼崽的数量多于雌性幼崽,种群的次级性比存在偏离(♀∶♂=1∶1.71)。通过对不同社会单元的等级与雄性出生率的分析,发现两者之间存在一元线性关系(PM=-0.4918MDI+0.9329)(t=-1.879,df=24,P=0.073<0.10,R2=0.1331),各社会单元内新生雄猴占所有新生幼猴的比例会随着该单元社会等级的降低而升高,呈现PMH<PML的现象。应用目标动物取样法(Focalanimalsampling)和全事件记录法(Alloccurrencesrecording)对母系照顾行为取样,发现幼崽出生后亲代雌性对不同性别幼崽的母系照顾行为差异不显著(t=0.390,P=0.72)。通过二因素方差分析检验雌性的等级因素和所生幼崽的性别对雌性的生育间隔期的影响,结果显示亲代雌性的等级因素对其生育间隔期的影响不显著(F2,21=0.123;P=0.885),而幼崽的性别对雌性的生育间隔期有一定的影响(F1,21=3.293;P=0.086<0.10)。结果支持栖息地资源竞争模型(LRC)及其推论栖息地资源扩大模型(LocalResourceEnhancementModel,LRE)和女儿优势模型(DaughterAdvantageModel,DA)。说明食物、交配机会等有限资源的竞争压力大于性选择压力,是影响秦岭川金丝猴母系投入策略的主要因素。秦岭金丝猴的这种生殖策略是其在长期的进化中对环境选择压力的回应。Female primates will adjust their maternal investment strategies for their offspring based on sex, which mainly results in biased birth-sex ratios and enhanced maternal care for a certain sex. The Male Quality Model （MQ） and the Local Resource Competition Model （LRC） suggest that this phenomenon is a response to sexual selection and resource competition pressure, respectively. Based on a four-years observation of the reproductive behavior of a Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey group, this research found more male than female newborn infants and its secondary sex ratio was biased towards males （♂：♀= 1 ： 1.71 ）. The research revealed a linear relationship （PM = -0.4918MDI＋0.9329） between the social ranks of different social units and their male infant birth rates （t =-1.879, df=24, P=0. 073, R^2 =0.1331 ）. The proportion of male newborn infants to all newborn infants in each social units increased with a decrease in social rank order （PMH〈PML）. We used focal animal sampling and all-occurrences recording methods to collect behavioral data on maternal care, and we found no significant difference in maternal care of sons and daughters after birth （t=0.390, P=0.72）. We used Two-way ANOVA to analyze the effect of female rank and newborn infant sex on female interbirth intervals （IBI）. Our results showed that female rank did not influence IBI （F2.21=0.123;P=0.885） ; however, the sex of newborn infants did affect IBI （F1,21=3.293;P=0.086）. Our results supports the LRC model and its inference Local Resource Enhancement Model （LRE） and Daughter Advantage Model （DA）, which indicates that food and mating opportunity competition had a greater effect than sexual selection pressure on Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey maternal investment strategies. This reproductive strategy is a response to the environmental selection pressure, .and makes its life history more adaptive value [Acta Zoologica Sinica 52 （1） ： 1 - 10, 2006]. Key words Golden snub-nosed monkey, Rhinopi

关 键 词：秦岭川金丝猴 生殖性别偏袒 母系投入 次级性比 本地资源竞争模型 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]