石家庄市冬季降雪化学成分及其不溶物颗粒形态特征  

Chemical Characteristics and Insoluble Particulates' Surface Morphology of Winter Snow in Shijiazhuang City

作　　者：王赞红[1] 李纪标[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学资源与环境科学学院,河北石家庄050016 [2]河北师范大学实验中心,河北石家庄050016

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2006年第2期240-244,共5页Journal of Hebei Normal University：Natural Science

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金资助项目(D200500176);河北师范大学博士基金资助项目(130508)

摘　　要：选择大气环境污染严重的石家庄市冬季降雪样品,进行可溶性离子组成测试和不溶性颗粒物形态分析.结果表明,石家庄市大气降雪中离子总浓度很高,降水水质受到严重污染.降雪阴离子中以SO42-为主,NO3-较少,反映大气环境主要受燃烧排放的污染,酸性沉降的前体物较多.阳离子中以NH4+和Ca2+为主,主要来自石家庄市的土壤风沙扬尘作用.石家庄市大气降雪的(ρ(NH4+)+ρ(Ca2+))/(ρ(SO42-)+ρ(NO3-))比值高达1.93,具有对酸的强中和能力,致使其酸性降水实际发生率较低.电镜观察显示降雪中不溶物的颗粒形态特征主要有5类,其中以团聚体形态颗粒物最多,次为较规则体和球体颗粒,生物质颗粒和未知颗粒稀少,反映石家庄市冬季大气环境中悬浮颗粒物来自燃料燃烧和裸地起尘.By dry or wet deposit process,pollutants in atmosphere can be transported into earth＇s surface environment to influence soil-plant system and water quality. Therefore study on characteristics of deposit from atmosphere is believed important for such influence function. For severe air pollution situation, Shijiazhuang city was chosen to detect its wet deposit status. Though located in the control-area of SO2 in China,Shijiazhuang city has not been suffered acid rain influence. To probe into the reasons, this research collected winter snow samples to detect chemical components. The results show that the general iota concentration in the samples is rather high. The major anions in the samples are SO4^2- and HCO3^- , NO3^- is nonsignificant. The major cations in the samples are NH4 ^＋and Ca2^ ＋ ,which were carried into the air by raising dust. The high ratio of （ρ（NH4^＋）＋ρ（Ca^2＋））/（ρ（SO4^2-）＋ρ（NO3^-）） with the value 1.93 is thought to be the main reason for the restraining of acid precipitation forming revealing strong antacid ability of the atmospheric environment. Morphology analyse conducted under scan electron microscope demonstrates conglomeration and sphere coming from burning process are in the majority of insoluble particulates in snow samples, followed by semi-regular-mineral-granule. Snow washing brings these suspended particulates down to the soil and water from air.

关 键 词：湿沉降 中和能力 可溶性成分 不溶性颗粒物 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]