莱州湾浮游植物的生态特征  

Ecological characteristics of phytoplankton in the Laizhou Bay

作　　者：李广楼[1] 陈碧鹃[2] 崔毅[2] 马绍赛[2] 唐学玺[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛266003 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2006年第2期292-299,共8页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40376037);科技部工作平台专项(2003DEB3J052);山东省科技攻关计划项目(012110116)

摘　　要：于2002-2003年对莱州湾浮游植物进行了4个航次的调杳，对浮游植物的种类组成、数量分布、生物多样性及其与环境因子的相关性进行分析，结果表明，调查海域共检出浮游植物22属45种。其中硅藻20属40种，占88．9％；甲藻2属5种，占11．1％。浮游植物数量的变动范围为0．16×10^4-20642．83×10^4ind／m^3，浮游植物数量均值的最高值出现在2003年8月，最低值出现在2003年5月。经多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数和单纯度指数分析，调查海域浮游植物的群落结构特征、多样性和丰寓度均较好，可以认为该海域浮游植物群落结构比较稳定。从总体变化趋势看，调查期间浮游植物数量变动与温度呈显著的TF相关，与盐度呈显著的负相关，但与单一营养盐之间的相关关系并不显著。由见机磷含量变化范围看（0．18-0．41μmol／L），该水域无机磷为影响浮游植物繁殖生长的限制因子之一。Phytoplankton is the primary producer of marine organisms, which not only acts as the first producer absorbing nutrients, but also as the food organisms ingested by the zooplankton and large filter-feeding animals, It plays an important role in the material circulation and energy of the ocean ecosystem exchange. In addition, phytoplankton as the primary producer of ocean ecosystem, its community similarity and diversity＇s changes will affect the makeup and function of ocean ecosystem directly. N and P are the foundation which phytoplankton lives on, and its content and distribution affect the number of phytoplank ton deeply. Otherwise, the number of N and P absorbed by the phytoplankton also affect the content of the nutrients in some way, so it is high time for us to deeply research the correlation between the phytoplankton and the nutrients. This paper reported the results of the biological characteristics, biomass, species composition, and community structure of phytoplankton in the Laizhou Bay, analyzed the community similarity, the relation between phytoplankton＇s distribution and the nutrients, The results showed that there were 22 genus 45 species phytoplankton in the investigational area. Among them 20 genus 45 species were Bacillariophyta, accounted for 88.9 %, and 2 genus 5 species were Pyrophyta, accounted for 11.1%. The mean value of the total number of phytoplankton was 0.16×10^4-20 642.83×10^4 cell/m^3 The maximum appeared in August 2003 and its minimum appeared in May 2003. Compared with the information of history, there was a declining tendency for the phytoplankton species of the Laizhou Bay in number. Four indexes which were diversity index, abundance index, simplicity index and evenness index were used to analyze the characteristics of community structure of phytoplankton in the investigational area. The results showed that the diversity and abundance indexes were better in Laizhou Bay; the characteristics of community structure of phytoplankton were steady. On the whole, there was a posi

关 键 词：莱州湾 浮游植物 生态特征 环境因子 

分 类 号：X145[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S931.3[农业科学—渔业资源]