湿地水稻生产外部成本的主要成因案例研究  

Major Factors Contributing to the Exterior Costs of Rice Production in Wetland

作　　者：向平安[1] 周燕 燕惠民 黄璜[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]长沙卷烟厂科研中心,湖南长沙410014 [3]湖南省农业环境保护管理站,湖南长沙410011

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2006年第1期32-36,共5页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(863-306-ZD05-3-E)

摘　　要：洞庭湖区水稻生产的外部成本高达4.19×109元,其中包括因化肥使用、农药使用、水稻田温室气体的排放、稻田农膜残留、稻田潜育化、围湖造田,它们所带来的外部成本分别为1.53×108,4.93×108,1.23×109,6.4×107,1.56×108,2.1×109元.从人口和资源配置的两大手段——市场和政府干预入手,探索洞庭湖区水稻生产的外部成本成因.研究结果表明,人口压力、市场失灵和政府调控不力是造成水稻生产外部成本的主要因素.人的有限理性、耕地产权不明确、水稻生产的负外部性、信息不完全等是市场失灵的主要因素,家庭联产承包制隐含的环境问题、环境法律体系的不足和公众环境权力的缺乏、激励机制的缺乏是政府调控不力的主要原因.The exterior costs of rice production was as high as 4.19×10^9 yuan in the Dongting Lake area in 1999 including those of the use of fertilizer, pesticide, the emission of green-house gases from paddy field, farm film use, the soil gleyization of paddy field and close lake for paddy field. Each of exterior cost was 1.53×10^8, 4.93×10^8, 1.23×10^9, 6.4×10^7, 1.56×10^8 and 2.1×10^9 yuan. The results showed that there were three reasons for making the environment problems of the rice production. They were great population pressure, market failure and inefficiency of government. The limit sense of human, the definitude of infield property right, the negative exterior of rice production and the information inadequacy were the main factors of market failure. The environmental problem in family-based contracted responsibility system, the deficiency of the environmental laws, the public environmental power and the lack of prompting mechanism were the main factors of inefficiency of the government.

关 键 词：水稻生产 外部成本 人口 市场 政府 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]