烷烃高效降解菌的广谱降解性能研究  

Broad-Spectrum Degradation Capability of a High-Efficiency Alkanes Degrading Bacterium Strain

作　　者：张亚雷[1] 徐德强[2] 曹微寰[1] 赵建夫[3] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境学院长江水环境教育部重点实验室,上海200092 [2]复旦大学生命科学学院,上海200433 [3]同济大学污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《环境科学》2006年第3期578-581,共4页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50008011);国家'十五'科技攻关计划项目(2003BA808A17);上海市青年科技启明星计划(05QMX1453)

摘　　要：针对分离、筛选出的正烷烃高效降解菌株C-14-1的广谱降解性能进行研究．结果表明，C-14-1菌株不仅对较高浓度（大于50mg／L）的正烷烃降解能力显著，对低浓度（约2mg／L）的正烷烃系列同样具有较好的降解效果，并且降解率和烷烃的碳原子数紧密相关．经过48h的发酵，当烷烃碳原子数为10～22时，降解率基本上大于85％；当烷烃碳原子数大于22时，降解率降低到15％～78％．C-14-1菌株对浓度很低（约0．3mg／L）的原油也显示出一定的降解效果，当烷烃碳原子数为12～22时，降解率平均为65％；当烷烃碳原子数大于22时，降解率降低为平均28．3％．当试验系统处于限氧状态时，C-14-1菌株对5α-雄甾烷和六甲苯基本上无降解作用，但对姥鲛烷的降解率却高达97％．在供氧充足的通气状态下以5α-雄甾烷为唯一碳源时，C-14-1菌株对5α-雄甾烷的降解率达到77％．当与其它低碳原子数的正烷烃共存时，5α-雄甾烷更容易被C-14-1菌株通过协同代谢而降解．通气培养48h时，其降解率达到100％；即使在限氧状态下，其降解率也能达到64％．Degradation capability of a bacterium strain C-14-1 for various n-alkanes was investigated. Experimental results indicate that C-14-1 can quite effectively degrade n-alkanes not only with a high concentration （ 〉50mg/L individual alkane）, but also with a low concentration （2mg/L individual alkane）. Moreover, the degradation efficiency is closely related to the carbon number of n-alkanes. After 48h cultivation, the degradation efficiency is generally greater than 85% for n-alkanes with a carbon number between 10 and 22; while the degradation efficiency decreases to 15 % -78 % if the carbon number is larger than 22. C-14-1 also exhibits certain degradation efficiency for a low-concentration crude oil （about 0.3mg/L）. The average degradation efficiency of crude oil reaches 65 % when the carbon number of n-alkanes is between 10 and 22 ; while the degradation efficiency drops to 28.3 % if the carbon number is larger than 22. Under anoxic condition, C -14- 1 can hardly degrade 5α-androstane and hexamethylbenzene; however, it can effectively degrade pristane, achieving a degradation efficiency of 97%. Under aerobic condition, the degradation efficiency of 5α-androstane reaches 77% if used as the sole carbon source. However, 5α-androstane can be effectively degraded by C-14-1 under either aerobic or anaerobic condition if there coexist other sbort-chain n-alkanes. After 48 h cultivation, all 5α- androstane can be removed under aerobic condition; while its degradation efficiency still reaches 64 % even under anoxic condition.

关 键 词：烷烃 降解菌 原油 姥鲛烷 5α-雄甾烷 六甲苯 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]